Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Epigenetic Alterations upon the Insertion of Foreign DNA into Mammalian Genomes: Oncogenesis and Evolution

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Epigenetics - A Different Way of Looking at Genetics

Part of the book series: Epigenetics and Human Health ((EHH))

Abstract

The fate of foreign DNA in mammalian systems has been a long-term interest in our laboratory [Doerfler (Foreign DNA in mammalian systems. Wiley-VCH, 2000)]. The current overview summarizes an update of the data presented at the Fifth Weissenburg Symposium 2014 (Weissenburg Symposia, 2001–2014). In earlier studies on integrated adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) DNA in Ad12-transformed hamster cells, we discovered that the CpG methylation profiles in some of their ubiquitous endogenous retrotransposon sequences and in several cellular genes were markedly increased. This hypermethylation persisted in revertants of the transformed cells which had lost all Ad12 genomes. Alterations of cellular methylation and transcription profiles were also observed in hamster cells transgenomic for bacteriophage lambda DNA. We have now investigated human HCT116 cells which were transgenomic for a 5.6 kbp bacterial plasmid. In five non-transgenomic HCT116 control clones, transcription and methylation patterns proved similar, if not identical. This finding opened the possibility to compare these patterns between non-transgenomic and transgenomic cell clones. In 4.7 % of the 28,869 gene segments analyzed, the transcriptional activities were upregulated (907 genes) or downregulated (436 genes) in plasmid-transgenomic cell clones in comparison to control clones. Genome-wide methylation profiling was performed for >480,000 CpG sites. In comparisons to methylation levels in five transgenomic versus four non-transgenomic cell clones, 3791 CpGs were differentially methylated, 1504 CpGs were hypermethylated, and 2287 were hypomethylated. The mechanisms underlying the observed epigenetic alterations are unknown. Extent and location of alterations in genome activities and CpG methylation might depend on the site(s) of foreign DNA insertion. Genome manipulations have been an everyday practice in many laboratories. With further refinement of epigenetic technologies, hitherto unsuspected complications in the evaluation of experiments with genome manipulated cells and organisms will become apparent.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Behn-Krappa A, Doerfler W (1993) The state of DNA methylation in the promoter and exon 1 regions of the human gene for the interleukin-2 receptor α chain (IL-2Rα) in various cell types. Hum Mol Genet 2:993–999

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burger H, Doerfler W (1974) Intracellular forms of adenovirus DNA. III. Integration of the DNA of adenovirus type 2 into host DNA in productively infected cells. J Virol 13:975–992

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Clark SJ, Harrison J, Paul CL, Frommer M (1994) High sensitivity mapping of methylated cytosines. Nucleic Acids Res 22:2990–2999

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Deuring R, Klotz G, Doerfler W (1981a) An unusual symmetric recombinant between adenovirus type 12 DNA and human cell DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 78:3142–3146

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Deuring R, Winterhoff U, Tamanoi F, Stabel S, Doerfler W (1981b) Site of linkage between adenovirus type 12 and cell DNAs in hamster tumour line CLAC3. Nature 293:81–84

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doerfler W (1983) DNA methylation and gene activity. Annu Rev Biochem 52:93–124

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doerfler W (1995) The insertion of foreign DNA into mammalian genomes and its consequences: a concept in oncogenesis. Adv Cancer Res 66:313–344

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doerfler W (2000) Foreign DNA in mammalian systems. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim

    Google Scholar 

  • Doerfler W (2011) Epigenetic consequences of foreign DNA integration: global alterations of methylation and transcription patterns in recipient genomes. Rev Med Virol 21:336–346

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doerfler W (2012) The impact of foreign DNA integration on tumor biology and evolution via epigenetic alterations. Epigenomics 4:41–49

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doerfler W, Gahlmann R, Stabel S, Deuring R, Lichtenberg U, Schulz M, Eick D, Leisten R (1983) On the mechanism of recombination between adenoviral and cellular DNAs: the structure of junction sites. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 109:193–228

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doudna JA, Charpentier E (2014) The new frontier of genome engineering with CRISPR-Cas9. Science 346(6213). doi:10.1126/science.1258096

    Google Scholar 

  • Eick E, Stabel S, Doerfler W (1980) Revertants of adenovirus type 12-transformed hamster cell line T637 as tools in the analysis of integration patterns. J Virol 36:41–49

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Frommer M, McDonald LE, Millar DS, Collis CM, Watt F, Grigg GW, Molloy PL, Paul CL (1992) A genomic sequencing protocol that yields a positive display of 5-methylcytosine residues in individual DNA strands. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89:1827–1831

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gahlmann R, Doerfler W (1983) Integration of viral DNA into the genome of the adenovirus type 2-transformed hamster cell line HE5 without loss or alteration of cellular nucleotides. Nucleic Acids Res 11:7347–7361

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gahlmann R, Leisten R, Vardimon L, Doerfler W (1982) Patch homologies and the integration of adenovirus DNA in mammalian cells. EMBO J 1:1101–1104

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Genç B, Müller-Hartmann H, Zeschnigk M, Deissler H, Schmitz B, Majewski F, von Gontard A, Doerfler W (2000) Methylation mosaicism of 5′-(CGG)n-3′ repeats in fragile X, premutation and healthy individuals. Nucleic Acids Res 28:2141–2152

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Grafodatskaya D, Choufani S, Ferreira JC, Butcher DT, Lou Y, Zhao C et al (2010) EBV transformation and cell culturing destabilizes DNA methylation in human lymphoblastoid cell lines. Genomics 95:73–83

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Groneberg J, Doerfler W (1979) Revertants of adenovirus type-12-transformed hamster cells have lost part of the viral genomes. Int J Cancer 24:67–74

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Groneberg J, Brown DT, Doerfler W (1975) Uptake and fate of the DNA of adenovirus type 2 in KB cells. Virology 64:115–131

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Groneberg J, Sutter D, Soboll H, Doerfler W (1978) Morphological revertants of adenovirus type 12-transformed hamster cells. J Gen Virol 40:635–645

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Günthert U, Schweiger M, Stupp M, Doerfler W (1976) DNA methylation in adenovirus, adenovirus-transformed cells, and host cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 73:3923–3927

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Heller H, Kämmer C, Wilgenbus P, Doerfler W (1995) Chromosomal insertion of foreign (adenovirus type 12, plasmid, or bacteriophage lambda) DNA is associated with enhanced methylation of cellular DNA segments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92:5515–5519

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hilger-Eversheim K, Doerfler W (1997) Clonal origin of adenovirus type 12-induced hamster tumors: nonspecific chromosomal integration sites of viral DNA. Cancer Res 57:3001–3009

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hochstein N, Muiznieks I, Mangel L, Brondke H, Doerfler W (2007) The epigenetic status of an adenovirus transgenome upon long-term cultivation in hamster cells. J Virol 81:5349–5361

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hohlweg U, Doerfler W (2001) On the fate of plant or other foreign genes upon the uptake in food or after intramuscular injection in mice. Mol Gen Genet 265:225–233

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hohlweg U, Hösel M, Dorn A, Webb D, Hilger-Eversheim K, Remus R, Schmitz B, Mende Y, Büttner R, Schramme A, Corzilius L, Niemann A, Doerfler W (2003) Intraperitoneal dissemination of Ad12-induced undifferentiated neuroectodermal hamster tumors: de novo methylation and transcription patterns of integrated viral and of cellular genes. Virus Res 98:45–56

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jähner D, Jaenisch R (1985) Retrovirus-induced de novo methylation of flanking host sequences correlates with gene inactivity. Nature 315:594–597

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jessberger R, Heuss D, Doerfler W (1989) Recombination in hamster cell nuclear extracts between adenovirus type 12 DNA and two hamster preinsertion sequences. EMBO J 8:869–878

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jurkowska RZ, Ceccaldi A, Zhang Y, Arimondo PB, Jeltsch A (2011) DNA methyltransferase assays. Methods Mol Biol 791:157–177

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kämmer C, Doerfler W (1995) Genomic sequencing reveals absence of DNA methylation in the major late promoter of adenovirus type 2 DNA in the virion and in productively infected cells. FEBS Lett 362:301–305

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Knebel D, Doerfler W (1986) N6-Methyldeoxyadenosine residues at specific sites decrease the activity of the E1A promoter of adenovirus type 12 DNA. J Mol Biol 189:371–375

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Knebel-Mörsdorf D, Achten S, Langner KD, Rüger R, Fleckenstein B, Doerfler W (1988) Reactivation of the methylation-inhibited late E2A promoter of adenovirus type 2 by a strong enhancer of human cytomegalovirus. Virology 166:166–174

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Knoblauch M, Schröer J, Schmitz B, Doerfler W (1996) The structure of adenovirus type 12 DNA integration sites in the hamster cell genome. J Virol 70:3788–3796

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kochanek S, Toth M, Dehmel A, Renz D, Doerfler W (1990) Interindividual concordance of methylation profiles in human genes for tumor necrosis factors alpha and β. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87:8830–8834

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kochanek S, Renz D, Doerfler W (1993) DNA methylation in the Alu sequences of diploid and haploid primary human cells. EMBO J 12:1141–1151

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kruczek I, Doerfler W (1983) Expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene in mammalian cells under the control of adenovirus type 12 promoters: effect of promoter methylation on gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80:7586–7590

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Langner KD, Vardimon L, Renz D, Doerfler W (1984) DNA methylation of three 5′ C-C-G-G 3′ sites in the promoter and 5′ region inactivates the E2a gene of adenovirus type 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81:2950–2954

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Langner KD, Weyer U, Doerfler W (1986) Trans-effect of the E1 region of adenoviruses on the expression of a prokaryotic gene in mammalian cells: resistance to 5′-CCGG-3′ methylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83:1598–1602

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis AM Jr, Cook JL (1982) Spectrum of tumorigenic phenotypes among adenovirus 2-, adenovirus 12-, and simian virus 40-transformed Syrian hamster cells defined by host cellular immune-tumor cell interactions. Cancer Res 42:939–944

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenberg U, Zock C, Doerfler W (1987) Insertion of adenovirus type 12 DNA in the vicinity of an intracisternal A particle genome in Syrian hamster tumor cells. J Virol 61:2719–2726

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenberg U, Zock C, Doerfler W (1988) Integration of foreign DNA into mammalian genome can be associated with hypo-methylation at site of insertion. Virus Res 11:335–342

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Müller K, Heller H, Doerfler W (2001) Foreign DNA integration. Genome-wide perturbations of methylation and transcription in the recipient genomes. J Biol Chem 276:14271–14278

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Munnes M, Doerfler W (1997) DNA methylation in mammalian genomes: promoter activity and genetic imprinting. In: Dulbecco R (ed) Encyclopedia of Human Biology, vol 3. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp 435–446

    Google Scholar 

  • Munnes M, Patrone G, Schmitz B, Romeo G, Doerfler W (1998) A 5′-CG-3′-rich region in the promoter of the transcriptionally frequently silenced RET protooncogene lacks methylated cytidine residues. Oncogene 17:2573–2584

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Naumann A, Hochstein N, Weber S, Fanning E, Doerfler W (2009) A distinct DNA-methylation boundary in the 5′- upstream sequence of the FMR1 promoter binds nuclear proteins and is lost in fragile X syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 85:606–616

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Naumann A, Weber S, Hochstein N, Fanning E, Doerfler W (2010) Safeguarding the human FMR1 promoter: the methylation barrier in its 5′-upstream region. Abstract, Annual Meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Naumann A, Kraus C, Hoogeveen A, Ramirez CM, Doerfler W (2014) Stable DNA methylation boundaries and expanded trinucleotide repeats: role of DNA insertions. J Mol Biol 426:2554–2566

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Donnell WT, Warren ST (2002) A decade of molecular studies of fragile X syndrome. Annu Rev Neurosci 25:315–338

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Orend G, Knoblauch M, Kämmer C, Tjia ST, Schmitz B, Linkwitz A, Meyer zu Altenschildesche G, Maas J, Doerfler W (1995) The initiation of de novo methylation of foreign DNA integrated into a mammalian genome is not exclusively targeted by nucleotide sequence. J Virol 69:1226–1242

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Remus R, Kämmer C, Heller H, Schmitz B, Schell G, Doerfler W (1999) Insertion of foreign DNA into an established mammalian genome can alter the methylation of cellular DNA sequences. J Virol 73:1010–1022

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Remus R, Kanzaki A, Nakanishi H, Wada H, Yawata A, Zeschnigk M, Zuther I, Muiznieks I, Schmitz B, Doerfler W, Yawata Y (2005) DNA methylation in promoter regions of red cell membrane protein genes in normal individuals and hereditary membrane disorders. Int J Hematol 81:385–395

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schick J, Baczko K, Fanning E, Groneberg J, Burger H, Doerfler W (1976) Intracellular forms of adenovirus DNA: Integrated form of adenovirus DNA appears early in productive infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 73:1043–1047

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Schröer J, Hölker I, Doerfler W (1997) Adenovirus type 12 firmly associates with mammalian chromosomes early after virus infection or after DNA transfer by the addition of DNA to the cell culture medium. J Virol 71:7923–7932

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Schubbert R, Renz D, Schmitz B, Doerfler W (1997) Foreign (M13) DNA ingested by mice reaches peripheral leukocytes, spleen and liver via the intestinal wall mucosa and can be covalently linked to mouse DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:961–966

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Schulz M, Freisem-Rabien U, Jessberger R, Doerfler W (1987) Transcriptional activities of mammalian genomes at sites of recombination with foreign DNA. J Virol 61:344–353

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Schumacher A, Buiting K, Zeschnigk M, Doerfler W, Horsthemke B (1998) Methylation analysis of the PWS/AS region does not support an enhancer competition model of genomic imprinting on human chromosome 15. Nat Genet 19:324–325

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Soto-Girón MJ, Garcia-Vallejo F (2012) Changes in the topology of gene expression networks by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integration in macrophages. Virus Res 163:91–97

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stabel S, Doerfler W, Friis RR (1980) Integration sites of adenovirus type 12 DNA in transformed hamster cells and hamster tumor cells. J Virol 36:22–40

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Stephen SL, Montini E, Sivanandam VG, Al-Dhalimy M, Kestler HA, Finegold M, Grompe M, Kochanek S (2010) Chromosomal integration of adenoviral vector DNA in vivo. J Virol 84:9987–9994

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Strohl WA, Rouse H, Teets K, Schlesinger RW (1970) The response of BHK21 cells to infection with type 12 adenovirus. 3. Transformation and restricted replication of superinfecting type 2 adenovirus. Arch Ges Virusforsch 31:93–112

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sutter D, Doerfler W (1980) Methylation of integrated adenovirus type 12 DNA sequences in transformed cells is inversely correlated with viral gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 77:253–256

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sutter D, Westphal M, Doerfler W (1978) Patterns of integration of viral DNA sequences in the genomes of adenovirus type 12-transformed hamster cells. Cell 14:569–585

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tatzelt J, Fechteler K, Langenbach P, Doerfler W (1993) Fractionated nuclear extracts from hamster cells catalyze cell-free recombination at selective sequences between adenovirus DNA and a hamster preinsertion site. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90:7356–7360

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Toth M, Lichtenberg U, Doerfler W (1989) Genomic sequencing reveals a 5-methylcytosine-free domain in active promoters and the spreading of preimposed methylation patterns. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86:3728–3732

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Touraine RL, Attié-Bitach T, Manceau E, Korsch E, Sarda P, Pingault V, Encha-Razavi F, Pelet A, Augé J, Nivelon-Chevallier A, Holschneider AM, Munnes M, Doerfler W, Goossens M, Munnich A, Vekemans M, Lyonnet S (2000) Neurological phenotype in Waardenburg type 4 syndrome correlates with novel SOX10 truncating mutations and expression in developing brain. Am J Hum Genet 66:1496–1503

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ushijima T, Morimura K, Hosoya Y, Okonogi H, Tatematsu M, Sugimura T, Nagao M (1997) Establishment of methylation-sensitive-representational difference analysis and isolation of hypo- and hypermethylated genomic fragments in mouse liver tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:2284–2289

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Vardimon L, Neumann R, Kuhlmann I, Sutter D, Doerfler W (1980) DNA methylation and viral gene expression in adenovirus-transformed and -infected cells. Nucleic Acids Res 8:2461–2473

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Vardimon L, Kressmann A, Cedar H, Maechler M, Doerfler W (1982) Expression of a cloned adenovirus gene is inhibited by in vitro methylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 79:1073–1077

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Vogelstein B, Papadopoulos N, Velculescu VE, Zhou S, Diaz LA Jr, Kinzler KW (2013) Cancer genome landscapes. Science 339:1546–1558

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Weber S, Hofmann A, Herms S, Hoffmann P, Doerfler W (2015) Destabilization of the human epigenome: consequences of foreign DNA insertions. Epigenomics 7(5):745–755

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weber S, Jung S, Doerfler W (2016) DNA methylation and transcription in HERV (K, W, E) and LINE sequences remain unchanged upon foreign DNA insertions. Epigenomics 8:000-000, in press. 2015 December 04: [Epub ahead of print]

    Google Scholar 

  • Weissenburg Symposia (2001–2014) These so far five international conferences were held in a small Frankonian town in Southern Germany and dealt with several molecular genetic topics. Contributions focused on problems of DNA methylation and epigenetics

    Google Scholar 

  • Weisshaar B, Langner KD, Jüttermann R, Müller U, Zock C, Klimkait T, Doerfler W (1988) Reactivation of the methylation-inactivated late E2A promoter of adenovirus type 2 by E1A (13S) functions. J Mol Biol 202:255–270

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wienhues U, Doerfler W (1985) Lack of evidence for methylation of parental and newly synthesized adenovirus type 2 DNA in productive infections. J Virol 56:320–324

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zeschnigk M, Schmitz B, Dittrich B, Buiting K, Horsthemke B, Doerfler W (1997) Imprinted segments in the human genome: different DNA methylation patterns in the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome region as determined by the genomic sequencing method. Hum Mol Genet 6:387–395

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • zur Hausen H (1973) Interactions of adenovirus type 12 with host cell chromosomes. Prog Exp Tumor Res 18:240–259

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Financial support for the experiments performed in W.D.’s senior research group starting in 2002 came at different times from amaxa AG (now Lonza Cologne AG) Cologne, from the DFG, Bonn-Bad Godesberg—DO 165/28-1, the Thyssen Foundation, Köln Az. 10.07.2.138, from the NIH through WIHS Subcontract UO1-AI 35004, Montefiore Hospital, the Bronx, N.Y., the Staedtler Stiftung (WW/eh 01/15), Nürnberg, the Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung, Bonn—fellowship and research award to Indrikis Muiznieks and Ellen Fanning, respectively, and from the Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Erlangen-Nürnberg Medical School—Bernhard Fleckenstein. Grant support preceding 2002 was recognized in the relevant publications from W.D.’s laboratory at the Institute of Genetics in Köln (1972–2002).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Erlangen-Nürnberg Medical School, 91054, Erlangen, Germany

    Stefanie Weber, Anja Naumann & Walter Doerfler

  2. Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Institute of Human Genetics, Bonn University, 53127, Bonn, Germany

    Andrea Hofmann & Per Hoffmann

  3. Division of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, 4055, Basel, Switzerland

    Per Hoffmann

  4. Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany

    Walter Doerfler

Authors
  1. Stefanie Weber
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Andrea Hofmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Anja Naumann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Per Hoffmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Walter Doerfler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Walter Doerfler .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Universität Erlangen, Institut für Klinische und molekulare Vi, Erlangen, Germany

    Walter Doerfler

  2. Biozentrum Köln, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany

    Petra Böhm

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Weber, S., Hofmann, A., Naumann, A., Hoffmann, P., Doerfler, W. (2016). Epigenetic Alterations upon the Insertion of Foreign DNA into Mammalian Genomes: Oncogenesis and Evolution. In: Doerfler, W., Böhm, P. (eds) Epigenetics - A Different Way of Looking at Genetics. Epigenetics and Human Health. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27186-6_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation