Abstract
Feasibility studies in Arizona (U.S.A.) have determined that ocean delivery is a viable disposal option for saline waste water when sourced from near coastline regions. Use of open canals to transport waste water and use of evaporation ponds to reduce waste water volume are standard engineering practices. Engineered designs tend to focus on practicality and efficiency without regard to principles of landscape ecology. The concept of a saline ecosystem with landscape pattern incorporated as the vehicle for an evapotranspiration induced sequence of ecotopes along a directional saline gradient is proposed. This model will serve as a constructive, ecologically-based method to reduce reverse osmosis concentrate waste volume while increasing salinity during transport from source (RO facility) to sink (sabkha). In the process, biota is allowed to self-organize into marsh habitat and the system of pattern creates potential for plant and microbial crops. Potential for research use of the ecosystem is illustrated in light of a conceptual plan for the Santa Clara Slough, located at the northern end of the Sea of Cortez in the Gulf of California.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Annual number reported for Yuma Citrus Station is 99.21 in., standard value for Yuma area is 72 in.. Use of the higher value is justified by offset for potential volume reduction during transport and generality of application of theory.
- 2.
Poikilohaline, saline environment where salinity range is a seasonally dynamic variable that affects biota.
References
Baeza K, Lopez-Hoffman L, Glenn EP, Flessa K (2013) Salinity limits of vegetation in Cienega de Santa Clara, an oligotrophic marsh in the delta of the Colorado River, Mexico: implications for an increase in salinity. Ecol Eng 59:157–166
CASI, U.S. Department of the Interior (2004) Reverse osmosis treatment of Central Arizona. Report no. 36, Desalination Research and Development Program
CASS I, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and the Sub-Regional Operating Group (2003) Central Arizona salinity study phase I report, Phoenix
CASS II, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and the Sub-Regional Operating Group (2006) Central Arizona salinity study phase II, Phoenix
Franklin JF (1993) Preserving biodiversity: species, ecosystems, or landscapes? Ecol Appl 3(2):202–205
Gerhart VJ, Kane R, Glenn EP (2006) Recycling industrial wastewater for landscape irrigation in a desert urban area. J Arid Environ 67:473–486
Glenn EP, McKeon C, Gerhart V, Nagler PL, Jordan F, Artiola J (2009) Deficit irrigation of a landscape for reuse of saline waste water in a desert city. Landsc Urban Plan 89:57–64
Hinojosa-Huerta O, Soto-Montoya E, Gomez-Sapiens M, Calvo-Fonseca A, Guzman-Olachea R, Burtron-Mendez J, Burtron-Rodriguez JJ, Roman-Rodriguez M (2013) The Birds of the Cienega se Santa Clara, a wetland of international importance within the Colorado river delta. Ecol Eng 59:61–73
Lefebvre O, Moletta R (2006) Treatment of organic pollution in industrial saline wastewater: a literature review. Water Res 40:3671–3682
Makhzoumi JM (2000) Landscape ecology as a foundation for landscape architecture: application in Malta. Landsc Urban Plan 50:167–177
Mexicano L, Glenn EP, Hinojosa-Huerta O, Garcia-Hernandez J, Flessa K, Hinojosa-Corona A (2013) Long-term sustainability of the hydrology and vegetation of Cienega de Santa Clara, an anthropogenic wetland created by disposal of agricultural drain water in the delta of the Colorado River, Mexico. Ecol Eng 59:111–120
Mitsch WL, Gosselink JG (2007) Wetlands. Wiley, Hoboken
Nelson SM, Fielding EJ, Zamora-Arroyo F, Flessa K (2013) Delta dynamics: effects of a major earthquake, tides, and river flows on Cienega de Santa Clara and the Colorado River Delta, Mexico. Ecol Eng 59:144–156
Riley JJ, Fitzsimmons KM, Glenn EP (1997) Halophyte irrigation: an overlooked strategy for management of membrane filtration concentrate. Desalination 110:197–211
Rodrigues CM, Bio A, Amat F, Vieira N (2011) Artisinal salt production in Aveiro/Portugal – an ecofriendly process. doi:10.1186/1746-1448-7-3, Retrieved from Saline Systems: http://www.salinesystems.org
Silvestri S, Defina A, Marani M (2005) Tidal regime, salinity and salt marsh plant zonation. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 62:119–130
Soga M, Ishiyama N, Sueyoshi M, Yamaura Y, Hayashida K, Koizumi I, Negishi JN (2013) Interaction between patch area and shape: lakes with different formation processes have contrasting area and shape effects on macrophyte diversity. Landsc Ecol Eng:10. doi:10.10007/s11355-013-0216-9
Ungar IA (1998) Are biotic factors significant in influencing the distribution of halophytes in saline habitats? Bot Rev 64(2):176–199
Van der Gagg JJ, Paulissen M, Slim PA (2010) Halophyte filters as saline treatment wetlands applications and constraints. Alterra, Wageningen
Yechieli Y, Wood WW (2002) Hydrologic processes in saline systems: playas, sabkhas, and saline lakes. Earth Sci Rev 58:343–365
Zamora-Arroyo F, Jennifer P, Steve C, Edward G, Osvel H-H, Marcia M, Jaqueline G, Pamela N, Meredith de la G, Iván P (2005) Conservation priorities in the Colorado river delta, Mexico and the United States. Prepared by the Sonoran Institute, Environmental Defense, University of Arizona, Pronatura Noroeste Dirección de Conservación Sonora, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, and World Wildlife Fund – Gulf of California Program, 103 pp
Acknowledgements
This manuscript partially fulfills requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Arizona and was originally published as a Masters of Landscape Architecture thesis by Cylphine Bresdin; Committee Chair, Elizabeth Scott. Theory and Design Considerations of a Saline Ecological Landscape: A constructive method to reduce brine waste volume, 2013. College of Architecture, Planning and Landscape Architecture of the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, U.S.A. http://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/. Cylphine would like to acknowledge and thank Dr. Charles Moody from the Yuma Desalting Plant for testing accuracy of the model.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Appendix
Appendix
1.1 Monthly Values
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bresdin, C., Livingston, M., Glenn, E.P. (2016). Design Concept of a Reverse Osmosis Reject Irrigated Landscape: Connecting Source to Sabkha. In: Khan, M., Boër, B., Ȫzturk, M., Clüsener-Godt, M., Gul, B., Breckle, SW. (eds) Sabkha Ecosystems. Tasks for Vegetation Science, vol 48. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27093-7_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27093-7_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-27091-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-27093-7
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)