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Aversive Olfactory Conditioning

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Springer Handbook of Odor

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

The mammalian olfactory system is intertwined with emotional and memory centers of the brain, thus providing an ideal model to study olfactory-based fear conditioning, a behavior lying at the intersection of perception, emotion, and cognition. In the present chapter, we first outline a brief overview of the olfactory system’s anatomy, and then, we define the structural and functional changes induced by aversive olfactory conditioning with a clear focus on rodent and human models. In detail, we discuss aversive experience-dependent modulations at each level of the olfactory pathway, differentiating between experimentally presented (shock) and naturally occurring aversive pairings (toxicosis). Whenever possible, developmental trajectories are reported. The description of aversive olfactory conditioning mechanisms are finally used to provide insights on psychiatric and medical conditions characterized by aversive odor memories which may open up future possibilities of developing novel treatment options.

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Abbreviations

2-DG:

2-deoxy-D-glucose

AO:

anterior olfactory nucleus

APC:

anterior piriform cortex

BDNF:

brain-derived neurotrophic factor

BLA:

basolateral amygdala

CA:

Cornu Ammonis

COA:

conditioned odor aversion

CS+:

conditioned stimulus paired with aversive stimulus

CS−:

conditioned stimulus never paired with an aversive stimulus

DG:

dentate gyrus

EC:

entorhinal cortex

LOT:

lateral olfactory tract

MCS:

multiple chemical sensitivity

MOE:

main olfactory epithelium

OB:

olfactory bulb

OFC:

orbitofrontal cortex

OSN:

olfactory sensory neuron

PC:

piriform cortex

PPC:

posterior piriform cortex

TPOA:

taste potentiated odor aversion

Tu:

olfactory tubercle

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, PA 19104, Philadelphia, USA

    Valentina Parma

  2. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Scool of Medicine, 1 Park Avenue, NY 10016, New York, USA

    Donald Wilson

  3. Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels Väg 9, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden

    Johan N. Lundström

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  1. Valentina Parma
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Correspondence to Valentina Parma .

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    Andrea Buettner

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Parma, V., Wilson, D., Lundström, J.N. (2017). Aversive Olfactory Conditioning. In: Buettner, A. (eds) Springer Handbook of Odor. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26932-0_41

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