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Skin Sensitization of Odorant Materials

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Springer Handbook of Odor

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Abstract

Many natural and synthetic odorant materials contain structural features such as aldehyde functionalities or conjugated double bonds which lead to a certain chemical reactivity. Such molecules have the intrinsic ability to modify skin proteins, and if they are applied to skin at too high doses this may trigger an immune reaction leading in sensitive individuals to an allergic reaction. Here we review the underlying molecular mechanisms, the key structural classes of sensitizing odorant molecules, the predictive tests to identify fragrance allergens, the epidemiology of fragrance allergy, and the measures taken to avoid such reactions based on a risk assessment.

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Abbreviations

ACD:

allergic contact dermatitis

AOP:

adverse outcome pathway

GPMT:

guinea pig maximization test

HRIPT:

human repeat insult patch test

LLNA:

local lymph node assay

MEST:

mouse ear swelling test

NOEL:

no observed effect level

OET:

open epicutaneous test

PUT:

provocative use test

QRA:

quantitative risk assessment

ROAT:

repeated open application test

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biosciences, Givaudan Schweiz AG, Ueberlandstrasse 138, 8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland

    Andreas Natsch

  2. Regulatory Affairs and Product Safety, Givaudan International SA, 5 Rue de la Parfumerie, 1214, Vernier, Switzerland

    Graham Ellis

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  1. Andreas Natsch
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Correspondence to Andreas Natsch .

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  1. Fraunhofer-Institut for Process Engineering and Packaging, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354, Freising, Germany

    Andrea Buettner

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Natsch, A., Ellis, G. (2017). Skin Sensitization of Odorant Materials. In: Buettner, A. (eds) Springer Handbook of Odor. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26932-0_36

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