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Stable Isotope Ratio Analysis for Authenticity Control

  • Chapter
Springer Handbook of Odor

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

This chapter summarizes terms, definitions, and reference materials used for stable isotope ratio analysis (GlossaryTerm

SIRA

) of the bioelements hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen. The principles of biotic and abiotic fractionation in biomolecules like flavor compounds are explained. A short review of the common methods for the determination of isotope ratios \(\mathrm{{}^{2}H/^{1}H}\), \(\mathrm{{}^{13}C/^{12}C}\), and \(\mathrm{{}^{18}O/^{16}O}\), using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GlossaryTerm

IRMS

) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (GlossaryTerm

NMR

) of hydrogen and carbon (\(\mathrm{{}^{2}H}\)- and \(\mathrm{{}^{13}C}\)-NMR) are introduced. Further the focus is set on selected applications of authentication control of flavor compound and flavorings using isotope ratio analysis. Examples of benzaldehyde, vanillin, vanilla flavorings and vanilla extracts, butanoic acid, isoprenoids, and essential oils as well as fruity flavor compounds like γ- and δ-lactones are presented. Potentials and limitations of SIRA are discussed taking the analytical requirements into consideration, as well as representative databases and suitable guidelines for authenticity assessment.

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Abbreviations

3-D:

three-dimensional

CSIA:

compound-specific isotope analysis

EI:

electron ionization

GC-IRMS:

gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry

GC:

gas chromatography

IRMS:

isotope ratio mass spectrometry

LC:

liquid chromatography

MS:

mass spectrometry

NMR:

nuclear magnetic resonance

SIRA:

stable isotope ratio analysis

V-SMOW:

Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Luitpoldstrasse 1, 97082, Würzburg, Germany

    Norbert Christoph

  2. Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Veterinärstrasse 2, 85674, Oberschleissheim, Germany

    Antje Schellenberg

  3. Cargill GmbH, Seehafenstrasse 2, 21079, Hamburg, Germany

    Wiebke Zander

  4. Symrise AG, Mühlenfeldstrasse 1, 37603, Holzminden, Germany

    Gerhard Krammer

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  1. Norbert Christoph
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  2. Antje Schellenberg
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  3. Wiebke Zander
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  4. Gerhard Krammer
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  1. Fraunhofer-Institut for Process Engineering and Packaging, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354, Freising, Germany

    Andrea Buettner

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Christoph, N., Schellenberg, A., Zander, W., Krammer, G. (2017). Stable Isotope Ratio Analysis for Authenticity Control. In: Buettner, A. (eds) Springer Handbook of Odor. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26932-0_20

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