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Source Routing in Time-Varing Lossy Networks

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Networked Systems (NETYS 2015)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCCN,volume 9466))

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Abstract

This paper addresses the path selection problem arising in multi-hop sensor networks, e.g., Smart Grids. A set of multi-hop paths, of varying transmission quality, connect source and destination nodes. The source must select one path for each message to send without knowing the state of the hops. It can however use information deduced from earlier transmissions to decide on a good path for the current message. The goal is to maximize the discounted number of successfully delivered messages. We prove that the myopic routing policy, arguably the most appealing known way to tackle this problem, can permanently ignore good paths. We also generalize an empirically proven good approach, the Whittle index, and show its intractability for the problem at hand. We propose a new tractable metric, Harmonic Discounted Index (HDI), as a measure of attractiveness of transmitting over a path. We evaluate the performance of our HDI metric in a variety of simulation scenarios revealing a superior performance compared to all alternative index policies.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Despite its wide use in the single hop case, the known theoretical guarantees [21] for the Whittle index are very weak and theoretical analysis remains elusive and challenging, mainly because of its highly-coupled and complex dynamics [11].

  2. 2.

    In practice these probabilities can change and can be well approximated [15].

  3. 3.

    The exact nature of the packet-drop detection mechanism is not of interest in this work, which is only a first step towards a solution of the general problem. Delayed and incorrect packet-drop detection are beyond the scope of this work.

  4. 4.

    This initialization is assumed in most of the previous literature [1, 13, 16].

  5. 5.

    The subsidy, \(\lambda \), can be thought of as a counter reward for idling the path.

  6. 6.

    The only inefficiency of selecting \(Path_2\) over \(Path_1\) may be the extra transmission energy; however energy is not a focus in this work as devices can be main-powered.

  7. 7.

    We provide in [7] the routing algorithm which runs at the source node.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. EPFL IC IIF LPD, INR 315 (Bâtiment INR), Station 14, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Rachid Guerraoui & David Kozhaya

  2. ABB Corporate Research, Raleigh, Switzerland

    Dacfey Dzung & Yvonne-Anne Pignolet

Authors
  1. Dacfey Dzung
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  2. Rachid Guerraoui
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  3. David Kozhaya
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  4. Yvonne-Anne Pignolet
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to David Kozhaya .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Université Paris Diderot, Paris Cedex 13, France

    Ahmed Bouajjani

  2. Université Paris Diderot, Paris Cedex 13, France

    Hugues Fauconnier

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Dzung, D., Guerraoui, R., Kozhaya, D., Pignolet, YA. (2015). Source Routing in Time-Varing Lossy Networks. In: Bouajjani, A., Fauconnier, H. (eds) Networked Systems . NETYS 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9466. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26850-7_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26850-7_14

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-26849-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-26850-7

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