Abstract
Fructose is present in all semen specimens except in certain cases such as azoospermic males with congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens or bilateral ejaculatory duct obstruction. In rare cases of retrograde ejaculation, where a small initial ejaculation occurs containing no sperm, the absence of fructose in semen is indicative of the abovementioned abnormalities.
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References
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Agarwal, A., Gupta, S., Sharma, R. (2016). Qualitative Seminal Fructose. In: Agarwal, A., Gupta, S., Sharma, R. (eds) Andrological Evaluation of Male Infertility. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26797-5_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26797-5_10
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