Abstract
Recognizing that allegories have been ingrained in city-form throughout its long history means also that attempts to ignore or to eliminate allegories from urban planning and design are misplaced. Particularly vital to city-form are environmental gender allegories. The two spirited urban parables that are at the founding of an affirmative city-form are the Garden and the Citadel, the feminine and the masculine environmental counterparts to Nietzsche’s Dionysian and Apollonian dispositions in the arts. In city-form these allegories have been represented by urban voids and urban edifices, respectively, for the feminine and the masculine facets of the city. Past chapters have shown that North-Hemispheric civilizations have gradually but consistently reduced the feminine allegory of the Garden in city-form, by absorbing the competing myth of the Grand Designer.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Bibliography
Akkerman, Abraham. 2006. Femininity and masculinity in city-form: Philosophical urbanism as a history of consciousness. Human Studies 29(2): 229–256.
Akkerman, Abraham. 2014. Towards a phenomenology of the winter-city: Urbanization and mind through the little Ice Age and its sequels. Studia Phaenomenologica 14: 161–189.
Aravot, Iris. 1995. Narrative-myth and urban design. Journal of Architectural Education 49: 79–91.
Aristotle. 1952. Meteorologica (trans: Lee, Henry D.P.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bely, Andrei. 1913/2005. St. Petersburg (trans: Woodworth, Bradley and Richards, Constance). New York: Chelsey House Publishers.
Bergson, Henri. 1903/1912. Introduction to metaphysics (trans: Hulme, T.E.). New York: G.P. Putnam & Sons.
Blair, Elaine. 2005. Literary St. Petersburg: A guide to the city and its writers. New York: Little Bookroom, 2007.
Bourque, Francois, and A.C. Willox. 2014. Climate change: The next challenge for public mental health? International Review of Psychiatry 26(4): 415–422.
Boyce, Ronald R. 1963. Myth versus reality in urban planning. Land Economics 39: 241–251.
Cornfeld, Ariela F. 2013. Personal communication. Jerusalem: Hebrew University (Institute of Urban and Regional Studies, and Department of Art History).
de Certeau, Michel. 1984. Walking in the city, Ch. VII. In Practice of everyday life, 101–118. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Diamond, Stephen A. 1996. Anger, madness and the daimonic: The psychological genesis of violence, evil and creativity. Albany: SUNY Press.
Fanger, Donald. 2006. Apogee: Crime and punishment. In Fyodor Dostoevsky’s crime and punishment: A casebook, ed. R.A. Peace, 17–35. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ferguson, Everett. 2003. Backgrounds of early christianity. Grand Rapids: W. B. Eerdmans.
Frumkin, Howard. 2002. Urban sprawl and public health. Public Health Reports 117: 201–217.
Gill, Richard. 1982. The bridges of St. Petersburg: A motif in crime and punishment. Dostoevsky Studies 3: 146–156.
Gilloch, Graeme. 1966. Myth and metropolis: Walter Benjamin and the city. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas. 2003. Black Sun: Aryan cults, Esoteric Nazism, and the politics of identity. New York: New York University Press.
Hannay, Alastair. 2010. Why Kierkegaard in particular? In Kierkegaard’s late writings, ed. Niels Jørgen Cappelørn, Herman Deuser, and K. Brian Söderquist. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
Hidaka, Brandon H. 2012. Depression as a disease of modernity: Explanations for increasing prevalence. Journal of Affective Disorders 140(3): 205–214.
Hirsch, Edward. 2011. ‘My pace provokes my thoughts’: Poetry and walking. American Poetry Review 40(2): 5–11.
Howarth, E., and M.S. Hoffman. 1984. A multidimensional approach to the relationship between mood and weather. British Journal of Psychology 75(1): 15–23.
Jacobs, Jane. 1961. The death and life of great American cities. New York: Random House.
Kafka, Franz. 1926/1992. The Castle (trans: Willa and Muir, Edwin). London: Minerva.
Kierkegaard, Søren Aabye. 1843/2006. In Fear and trembling, eds. C. Stephen Evans and Sylvia Walsh. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kierkegaard, Søren Aabye. 1847/1978. Letter 150. In Kierkegaard’s writings, XXV: Letters and Documents. Trans. and Ed. Henrik Rosenmeier. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Klein-Frank, Felix. 2001. Al-Kindi. In History of Islamic philosophy, ed. O. Leaman and H. Nasr. London: Routledge.
Krebs, Christopher B. 2012. A most dangerous book: Tacitus’s Germania from the Roman empire to the third Reich. New York: W.W. Norton.
Krell, David Farell, and D.L. Bates. 1997. The good European: Nietzsche’s work sites in word and image. Chicago: University of Chicago.
Kristeva, Julia. 1989. Black sun: Depression and melancholia (trans: Roudiez, Leon S.). New York: Collumbia University Press.
Laërtius, Diogenes. 1991. Lives and opinions of eminent philosophers (trans: Hicks, R.D.). Loeb classical library, vol. II. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Lenin, Vladimir I. 1920/1999. “Left-Wing” communism, an infantile disorder. Chippendale: Resistance Books.
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice.1961/2004. Eye and mind. In Maurice Merleau-Ponty: Basic writings, ed. Thomas Baldwin. London: Routledge.
Merton, Robert K. 1961. The role of genius in scientific advance. New Scientist 12(259): 306–308.
Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat. 1749/1949. The spirit of the laws (trans: Nugent, Thomas). New York: Hafner Publishing Co.
Nerval, Gerard de. 2009. The disinherited (trans: Dent, R.J.). San Francisco: Word Press. http://rjdent.wordpress.com/2009/05/31/gerad-de-nerval-the-disinherited/
Nietzsche, Friedrich. 1873/2004. On truth and lies in nonmoral sense. In Literary theory: An anthology, eds. Julie Rivkin and Michael Ryan. Malden: Blackwell.
Nietzsche, Friedrich. 1889/1977. Twilight of the idols (trans: Hollingdale, J.). Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Ogburn, William F., and Dorothy Thomas. 1922. Are inventions inevitable? A note on social evolution. Political Science Quarterly 37(1): 83–98.
Otterberg, Henrik. 2011. Walking and thinking with Thoreau. Nineteenth Century Prose 38: 183–206.
Perlis, Roy H., J.W. Smoller, M. Fava, J.F. Rosenbaum, A.A. Nierenberg, and G.S. Sachs. 2004. The prevalence and clinical correlates of anger attacks during depressive episodes in bipolar disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders 79(1): 291–295.
Popper, Karl R. 1969. The spell of Plato, The open society and its enemies, vol. I. London: Routledge.
Relph, Edward. 1979. Place and placelessness. London: Pion.
Rice, James L. 1985. Dostoevsky and the healing art: An essay in literary and medical history. Fareham: Ardis.
Stein, Gertrude. 1937. Everybody’s autobiography. New York: Random House.
Tacitus, Cornelius. 98/1980. Germania (98 CE) (trans: Hutton, M.). Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Walshe, T.J. 1933. The quest of reality: An introduction to the study of philosophy. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co.
Watsuji, Tetsurō. 1961. Climate and culture: A philosophical study (trans: Bownas, Geoffrey). Tokyo: Ministry of Education.
Westin, Sara. 2014. The paradoxes of planning: A psycho-analytical perspective. Abingdon: Ashgate.
Winckelmann, Johann Joachim. 1764. History of the art of antiquity (trans: H.F. Mallgrave). Los Angeles: Getty Publications.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Akkerman, A. (2016). Reflections on the LIA: Loss of Place and the North American Winter-City. In: Phenomenology of the Winter-City. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26701-2_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26701-2_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-26699-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-26701-2
eBook Packages: Religion and PhilosophyPhilosophy and Religion (R0)