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Activation of Cytokines in CABG Failure

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Coronary Graft Failure

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Abstract

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cause of death in this century. Many interventions have been demonstrated that decrease the rate of mortality and morbidity of CAD, and amongst them is the coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedure. Activation of inflammatory cytokines preoperatively and postoperatively is one of the main causes of CABG failure. Many factors during CABG, such as reperfusion injury, will stimulate inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α[alpha], IL-6), chemokines (e.g., IL-8), the complement system (e.g., C5a), neutrophils, and macrophages. Exposure to high levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-15, or IL-21 stimulates aggressive cytotoxic T cells. These cytokines are responsible for the intensity of the attack against the transplanted graft by the patient on the immune system.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, KUFA Faculty of Medicine, Najaf, Najaf, Iraq

    Najah R. Hadi MD, PhD, FRCP, FACP, FCCP & Ali A. Ahmed BSc, MSc

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  1. Najah R. Hadi MD, PhD, FRCP, FACP, FCCP
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  2. Ali A. Ahmed BSc, MSc
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Correspondence to Najah R. Hadi MD, PhD, FRCP, FACP, FCCP .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Cardiology, Army's Center for Cardiovascular Di, Bucharest, Romania

    Ion C. Ţintoiu

  2. Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong

    Malcolm John Underwood

  3. University Fribourg, Hospital HFR Fribourg, Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland

    Stephane Pierre Cook

  4. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan

    Hironori Kitabata

  5. University Medical Center, Texas Tech Univ. Health Science Center, EL PASO, Texas, USA

    Aamer Abbas

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Hadi, N.R., Ahmed, A.A. (2016). Activation of Cytokines in CABG Failure. In: Ţintoiu, I., Underwood, M., Cook, S., Kitabata, H., Abbas, A. (eds) Coronary Graft Failure. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26515-5_32

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