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Innate Immunity and Vein Graft Disease

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Coronary Graft Failure

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Abstract

For proper functioning as a venous bypass graft, a venous conduit should become adapted to the arterial circulation. Proliferation of smooth muscle cells is a key element in the arterialization process, but also immune cells play a crucial role. Immune cells such as macrophages infiltrate the vessel wall, and secrete cytokines and growth factors that enhance the process of vein graft arterialization. Later on, these inflammatory cells act in a negative role since innate immune responses have been linked to vein graft failure. Cholesterol and oxidized low density lipoproteins (oxLDL) also trigger these responses resulting in the development of atherosclerotic lesions during advanced vein graft disease. Here we show the results of targeting members of the innate immune system such as toll-like receptors, the complement system, cytokines, mast cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Targeted deletion of certain immune cells or genes encoding pro-inflammatory factors results in decreased vein graft thickening in mouse models, whereas stimulation of inflammatory responses accelerates it. New therapies are in development based on these concepts of involvement of the immune system in vein graft disease.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Margreet R. de Vries PhD & Paul H. A. Quax PhD

  2. Department of Cardiology, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

    J. Wouter Jukema MD, PhD

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  1. Margreet R. de Vries PhD
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  2. J. Wouter Jukema MD, PhD
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  3. Paul H. A. Quax PhD
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Correspondence to Margreet R. de Vries PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Cardiology, Army's Center for Cardiovascular Di, Bucharest, Romania

    Ion C. Ţintoiu

  2. Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong

    Malcolm John Underwood

  3. University Fribourg, Hospital HFR Fribourg, Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland

    Stephane Pierre Cook

  4. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan

    Hironori Kitabata

  5. University Medical Center, Texas Tech Univ. Health Science Center, EL PASO, Texas, USA

    Aamer Abbas

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de Vries, M.R., Jukema, J.W., Quax, P.H.A. (2016). Innate Immunity and Vein Graft Disease. In: Ţintoiu, I., Underwood, M., Cook, S., Kitabata, H., Abbas, A. (eds) Coronary Graft Failure. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26515-5_28

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