Abstract
Seismic reflection events are caused by the impedance contrasts at layer interfaces having a minimum width (Fresnel Zone). Seismic studies to represent reliably the subsurface geology, require quality data, which depend on signal-to-noise ratio and resolution, the latter being the ability to image thin geologic features separately. This calls for a seismic broad-bandwidth source consisting of both low and high frequencies that can improve resolution limits to layer thicknesses.
Seismic reflections record attributes such as amplitude, phase, polarity, arrival time and velocity that can be measured or estimated. The attributes define the shape and arrival time of reflection waveforms which depend on rock properties. Estimation of rock properties from seismic waveforms and their vertical and lateral changes in time and space is the essence of seismic interpretation.
Appropriate choice of seismic display modes and plotting scales are also important.
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Nanda, N.C. (2016). Seismic Reflection Principles: Basics. In: Seismic Data Interpretation and Evaluation for Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26491-2_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26491-2_2
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