Abstract
The physician Martin Fogel developed special methods of accumulating knowledge in the seventeenth century. He collected more than 3600 books and he made notes on more than 30,000 little slips of paper, highlighting excerpts from his books or from received letters. He recorded information from oral accounts, from newspapers, experiences and travel adventures on his 4-year educational journey. He worked with each of his sources in a different methodical way. But he mainly consulted printed sources, and from this point of view, Fogel was more committed to the conservative historical approach than to modern experimental scientific work. But nevertheless, he was an innovative scholar. For example, he discovered the relationship between the Finno-Ugric languages. His literary estate was so important to Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz that the latter acquired Fogel’s books and borrowed his papers, ultimately never returning them to the inheritors.
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Notes
- 1.
Fogel’s book and manuscript collection studied in Marten and Piepenbring-Thomas (2015). It examines the library, the slips of paper and further manuscripts like the travel diary appraisal from a source-critical point of view as sources for questions about the scientific and epistemological methods of acquisition of knowledge. I would like to thank Catherine Atkinson and James O’Hara for reviewing this text.
- 2.
- 3.
See annotation no. 1 and annotation no. 21. See for the library: http: // www.leibnizcentral.de/. MenupünktDatenbanken / Leibniz-Arbeitsbiblithek; for he slips of paper: http: // www.leibnizcentral.de/. MenüpunktDatenbanken/ Handschriften/ Fogels Ordnungen.
- 4.
Valentin Wevetzer owned a trading company in Hamburg that was significantly involved in Iberian trade in the 1630s. In 1645, we find Martin Vogel, Sr. with a turnover of 27,060 Marks and Valentin Wevetzer with one of 16,082 Marks. Reißmann (1975: 375)—Martin Wevetzer Jr., the son of Valentin Wevetzer , was baptized in 1642 in the parish of St. Catherine, married Margaret Hachtmann in 1682 and died in 1687.
- 5.
- 6.
The Hamburg Collegium Medicum was probably founded in 1644, following the suggestion of Paul Marquard Schlegel (1605–1653), who was appointed to the position of Hamburg Stadtphysicus in 1642 (Schrader 1840: 45ff).
- 7.
Cosimo III. de’Medici (1642–1723) Grand Duke of Florence, beginning in 1670.
- 8.
The transcription for Cosimo III. : Ms. Bibliotheca Nazionale Centrale Firenze—Cl. III.103 “Nomenclator Latino Finnicus”. —Fogel’s original manuscript is located in the GWLB: Ms IV, 574a. Mart. Fogelii de Finnicae linguae indole observationes, 29 Bl.
- 9.
On Feb. 25, 1675, he gave his inaugural address “De melioris logicae”. He planned to open a college called Collegium Analyticum et Disputatorum in his house next to St. Catherine’s Church. The requirement for enrolment was knowledge of Jungius’ “Logica Hamburgensis” (Kangro 1969: 26).
- 10.
Eberhard I. Anckelmann was a Hamburger councillor, who had already begun installation of the Hortus Anckelmannianus on the city fortifications before the middle of the century. His son Caspar (1634–1698) built an ornamental Baroquegarden on this foundation. It is well known today on account of the images (engravings) in the flora of the Hamburg flower painter Hans Simon Holtzbecker .—Cf. (Heilmeyer 2003; Roth 2003).
- 11.
For the horticultural life in Hamburg, see Schubert (2003).
- 12.
Holtzbecker also painted a Flora for the Gottdorfer Garden. Prints from the “Gottorfer Codex” can be found in the Kupferstichkabinett des Statens Museum for Kunst in Kopenhagen (Krausch 2003). Slips of paper in GWLB: Ms XLII 1923, phi 148 (fol. 11r, 12r). See also, on Wandsbeck: GWLB: Ms XLII 1923, phi 148 (fol. 11r). Hirschhörner, we(nn) sie abgeworffen, u. wied(er) gewaksen, haben auch Hahr. Das hab ich zu Wanbähkgesehn im Tiergarten.
- 13.
- 14.
Parkinson (1656). Fogel possessed the1656 edition. (GWLB: N-A 7079).
- 15.
Wild (1623) today: (GWLB: E-A 444).
- 16.
GWLB: Ms XLII 1923 sigma 45 (f. 2r).
- 17.
Haerlemsche Courant, La Gazette d’Amsterdam (translated from French), Altonaische Relation, Hamburger Relations-Courier and Nordischer Mercurius.
- 18.
A publication of the diary is currently being prepared by the author.
- 19.
This is clearly a reference to the room named after Rinaldo Bonacolsi , called “il Passerino“ (Passerino Bonacolsi ), whose mummified body was displayed in the cabinet of curiosities in the ducal palace and was commented upon by Joseph Furttenbach in 1626. Thanks to Catherine Atkinson for this.
- 20.
This is the Palazzo Ducale and Palazzo Te with the paintings of the giants; it is remarkable that the name is derived from the shape of the tree planting. Today, one reads thatthe “peculiar name is derived from Teireto, as the area was called”. GWLB: Ms IV, 618 a, Mappe b (fol. 36r).
- 21.
“Jul. of Rome” was the architect and painter Giulio Romano .
- 22.
This refers to the Villa Farnese in Carprarola. Even today, the acoustic effects in the Hall of Angels are mentioned in guidebooks.
- 23.
This refers to the Arena of Verona, a well-preserved Roman amphitheatre. Today, it provides for 22,000 opera spectators.
- 24.
“Daselbst hat der Sohn fon Pet. fon Kastro , an welchen ich schreiben gehabt fonH. Karl Offerd , uns alle freundschaft erzeiget. Sonntag, den 20. Apr. [1664N.S.] hat er uns in einen garten geführet im Pallast, so ein weitleuffiges gebäu ist, aber wenig nach der Bau kunst gebauet. Hernach in die Gallerie oben u. bald unten zu der Natuhrkammer, la Galleria del Paß—ino genannt, so fon Cerut. Zu ferdinands Zeiten angeordet. Darin in der ersten ordn. Ein Menschenherz gezeiget, so zu Stein sol geworden sein. Im 2 den 2 schöne große Swämme (spondiae) im 4 ein Märpferd (Hippopotam.) auf welchem Passarins körper steht. Es sind auch 2 gärten in der Lust am Pallast. Zu nachm. haben wir den Stal gesehen, u. in d nähe 3 kamele. Sind hernach heraußgangen, zum Te, also genant, weil die bäume, wie d buchstab t gesezt, for dem Pallast. Darin 2 schöne Zimmer fon Jul. fon Rohm gemahlet. In dem da der Riesen Himmelssturm abgemahlet, kan einer in einem Ek leise reden, das derjenige, so im Ek gegen über stehet, denselben wolfernimt, wie zu Caprarola und Verona. Das Zimmer, da die Pomeranzen des Winters gehalten werden, ist groß und prächtig. Das Theatrum ist nicht für wert gehalten worden fon unsern freunden, das wirs hetten besehen sollen.”
- 25.
Rebberlahis a part of Eschede, 20 km north of Celle. Eleonore d’Olbreuse and the garden architects Henry Perronet and René Dahuron , who redesigned the French-style garden, only arrived in Celle after 1665.
- 26.
GWLB: Ms 618a, Mappe a (fol. 109r).
Bibliography
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Wilckens, Nicolaus. 1770. Hamburgischer Ehren-Tempel. Hamburg.
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Secondary Literature
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Schrader, Friedrich Nicolaus. 1840. Das Hamburgische Collegium Medicum und der ärztliche Verein in Hamburg. Hamburg: Perthes-Besser & Mauke.
Schubert, Ingrid Anette. 2003. Von Bürgern und Botanikern, Geistlichen und Gärtnern. Die Entwicklung früher Hamburger Lustgartenkultur zwischen Späthumanismus und Frühbarock. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereines in Hamburg. N. F. 36: 15-74.
Veenker, Wolfgang (ed.). 1986. Festvortrag zum Leben und zum Werk Martin Fogels. Memoriae Martini Fogelii Hamburgensis (1634-1675). Beiträge zur Gedenkfeier in Hamburg am 17. April 1984: 25-66.
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Piepenbring-Thomas, C. (2016). Garden Visits, Observations, Reading and Excerpts: Martin Fogel (1634–1675) and His Techniques of Acquiring Knowledge. In: Fischer, H., Remmert, V., Wolschke-Bulmahn, J. (eds) Gardens, Knowledge and the Sciences in the Early Modern Period. Trends in the History of Science. Birkhäuser, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26342-7_12
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