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Small Noncoding RNAs in Senescence and Aging

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Book cover Cellular Ageing and Replicative Senescence

Part of the book series: Healthy Ageing and Longevity ((HAL))

Abstract

Small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) of length shorter than 400 nucleotides mediate fundamental cellular functions in animals and plants. Some sncRNAs are complexed with proteins that direct them to nucleic acids with sequence complementarity, where they may cleave or otherwise alter the target thereby controlling gene expression, chromatin remodeling, and genome stability. Though microRNAs are the most characterized species, next generation sequencing technology has allowed the discovery of new types of sncRNAs that are generated by processing of known sncRNAs into smaller but functional RNA molecules. The recent discovery of stable sncRNAs in the extracellular space suggests that they may serve as signaling molecules that can enter target cells and regulate cellular functions. Organismal aging has been linked to cellular senescence and both involve extensive changes in gene expression. Calorie restriction (CR), a reduced caloric intake without malnutrition, protects against senescence and ameliorates the age-related dysfunctions. Since sncRNAs regulate gene expression and control genome stability, it is conceivable that they may contribute to the biological and functional changes that accompany the development of cellular senescence and the progression of organismal aging. Furthermore sncRNAs may very well mediate the beneficial effects of CR on senescence and aging. In this chapter, I will give an overview on the involvement of intracellular and extracellular microRNAs and sncRNAs derived from tRNA and YRNA in the regulation of cellular senescence and organismal aging and their potential role in mediating the beneficial actions of CR.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA

    Joseph M. Dhahbi

  2. Department of Medical Education, California University of Science & Medicine School of Medicine (CalMed-SOM), Colton, CA, 92324, USA

    Joseph M. Dhahbi

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  1. Joseph M. Dhahbi
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Correspondence to Joseph M. Dhahbi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dep of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

    Suresh I.S. Rattan

  2. Department of Anatomy,School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA

    Leonard Hayflick

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Dhahbi, J.M. (2016). Small Noncoding RNAs in Senescence and Aging. In: Rattan, S., Hayflick, L. (eds) Cellular Ageing and Replicative Senescence. Healthy Ageing and Longevity. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26239-0_15

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