Abstract
Biomarkers of replicative senescence can be defined as those ultrastructural and physiological variations as well as molecules whose changes in expression, activity or function correlate with aging, as a result of the gradual exhaustion of replicative potential and a state of permanent cell cycle arrest. The biomarkers that characterize the path to an irreversible state of cell cycle arrest due to proliferative exhaustion may also be shared by other forms of senescence-inducing mechanisms. Validation of senescence markers is crucial in circumstances where quiescence or temporary growth arrest may be triggered or is thought to be induced. Pre-senescence biomarkers are also important to consider as their presence indicate that induction of aging processes is taking place. The bona fide pathway leading to replicative senescence that has been extensively characterized is a consequence of gradual reduction of telomere length and associated damage, and the accompanying changes that take place elicit signals that have an impact on a number of molecules and downstream events. Precise measurements of replicative senescence biomarkers in biological samples from individuals could be clinically associated with their chronological age and present health status, help define their current rate of aging and contribute to establish personalized therapy plans to reduce, counteract or even avoid the appearance of aging biomarkers.
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Acknowledgements
I wish to thank Professor Moustapha Kassem and Professor Suresh Rattan for stimulating discussions and collaborative support. I apologize to colleagues whose work and original articles could not be cited due to text length restrictions, or for inadvertently excluding relevant biomarker information.
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Nehlin, J.O. (2016). Biomarkers of Replicative Senescence Revisited. In: Rattan, S., Hayflick, L. (eds) Cellular Ageing and Replicative Senescence. Healthy Ageing and Longevity. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26239-0_12
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