Abstract
Competition policy keeps undertakings or enterprises in track in a competitive market to avoid compromises and practices that could diminish competition. It is not every compromise or concertation that will result in breach of competition policy; however, where the enterprise or undertaking has a substantial share of the market and wields such dominance abusively, the law inevitably catches up with the entity. To unravel the place of competition in the integration scheme of the Community, this chapter carefully explores the ECOWAS framework on competition and unearths the concepts of agreement, concerted practice, abuse and substantial share of the market. In sum, it explains the practices, agreements and acts that would contravene the competition rules, exception to the rules as well as the role of the Competition Authority in creating a balance in the market.
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Notes
- 1.
European Commission (2015).
- 2.
Ibid.
- 3.
Ibid.
- 4.
National Society of Professional Engineers v US 1978, p. 695.
- 5.
Stucke (2013), p. 162.
- 6.
National Society of Professional Engineers v US 1978, p. 695.
- 7.
Stucke (2013), pp. 174–175.
- 8.
Article 1 Supplementary Act A/SA.1/12/08.
- 9.
Ibid.
- 10.
Article 101 Treaty on the Functioning of European Union.
- 11.
P163.
- 12.
Höfner and Elser 1991, p I-1979.
- 13.
Consten and Grundig v Commission 1966, p. 339.
- 14.
Polypropylene 1988, p. 347.
- 15.
ICI v Commission (Dyestuffs) 1972, p. 619, para. 64.
- 16.
Ibid., Article 2.
- 17.
Ibid., Article 3.
- 18.
Ibid., Article 4 (3).
- 19.
Ibid., (1).
- 20.
Ibid., Article 1.
- 21.
Ibid., Article 4 (1).
- 22.
Ibid., Article 1.
- 23.
ACF Chemiefarma NV v Commission 1970, Pp 700, 701.
- 24.
Consten and Grundig v Commission 1966, p. 339.
- 25.
Volwagen v Commission 2000.
- 26.
Bai and Commission v Bayer 2004.
- 27.
Article 1 Supplementary Act A/SA.1/12/08.
- 28.
ICI v Commission (Dyestuffs) 1972, p. 619, para. 64.
- 29.
1994, pI-199.
- 30.
Article 5 Supplementary Act A/SA.1/12/08.
- 31.
Ibid.
- 32.
Ibid., (2).
- 33.
Ibid., 4 (2).
- 34.
Ibid.
- 35.
Ibid., Article 11.
- 36.
Ibid., Article 6.
- 37.
United Brands Company v Commission 1978.
- 38.
Ibid.
- 39.
Article 1.
- 40.
Ibid.
- 41.
Ibid., Article 1 (2)
- 42.
Ibid., (2) (b).
- 43.
Akzo Chemie v Commission (2014), p. I-3360.
- 44.
Article 1 Supplementary Act A/SA.1/12/08.
- 45.
Suiker Unie (1975), p. 1993.
- 46.
Hoffman—La Rocche v Commission 1979, p. 541.
- 47.
Article 6 (2) (a)–(e) Supplementary Act A/SA.1/12/08.
- 48.
Ibid., Article 7 (2).
- 49.
Ibid., (1).
- 50.
Ibid., (3).
- 51.
Ibid., Article 8.
- 52.
Ibid., (2) (a) (b).
- 53.
Ibid., (3).
- 54.
Article 1 Supplementary Act A/SA.2/12/08.
- 55.
Ibid., Article 2.
- 56.
Ibid., Article 3.
- 57.
Ibid., Article 4 (1).
- 58.
Ibid., Article 5.
- 59.
Ibid.
- 60.
Ibid., Articles 8 (2) (3); 9 (3);4(14); 7(1); 10.
- 61.
Ibid., Article 7 (3).
- 62.
Ibid., Article 11 (1)–(4).
- 63.
Ibid., (5).
References
Laws
Supplementary Act A/SA.1/12/08 Adopting Community Competition Rules and the Modalities of their Application within ECOWAS
Supplementary Act A/SA.2/12/08 on the Establishment, Functions and Operation of the Regional Competition Authority for ECOWAS
Cases
ACF Chemiefarma NV v Commission, C- 41/69 15/7/1970 via eu-lex.europa.eu/Lex UriServ/Lex Uri Servi do? Uri=CELEX:61969CJ0041:EN:PDF Accessed 28 October 2013
Akzo Chemie BV v Commission of the European Communities. Available http://Curia.europa.eu/juris/lists.jsf?language=en&jur=CT,F&num=62/86&td=AC. Accessed 20 Sept 2014
Bai and Commission v Bayer C-2/01, C-3/01 6/1/2004 via curia.europa.eu/juris/show Pdf.jsf? text=&docid=48819&pageIndex=O&doclang=EN&mode=1st7dor=&occ=first& part=i&cid=143586
(Case 48/69 ICI v Commission (Dyestuffs) [1972] ECR 619 para. 64).
C-40/73 Suiker Unie and others v Commission 1975. http://www.Curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?language=en&num=40/70. Accessed 26 Dec 2015
(C-41/90 Höfner and Elser [1991] ECR I-1979).
Consten and Grundig v Commission C-56/58/64 13/7/1966 via eu-lex.europa.eu/Lex UriServ/Lex Uri Servi do? Uri=CELEX:61964CJ0056:EN:PDF
C-89 etc/85 Re Woodpulp (Ahlstrom Oy v Commission) [1994] ECR I-99.
Hoffman-La Roche & Co v Commission C-85/76 13/2/1979 via eu-lex.europa.eu/Lex UriServ/Lex Uri Servi do? Uri=CELEX:61976CJ0085:EN:PDF
National Society of Professional Engineers v US 435 US 679, 695 (1978).
Polypropylene [1988] 4 CMLR 347
Publications
European Commission (2015) Why is competition policy important for consumers? http://ec.europa.eu/competition/consumers/why_en.html. Accessed 4 Aug 2015
Stucke M (2013) Is competition always good. J Antitrust Enforcement 1(1):162–197. www.oxfordjournals.org/page/5090/. Accessed July 2015
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Ukaigwe, J. (2016). Competition Policy. In: ECOWAS Law. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26233-8_14
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