Abstract
This chapter analyses briefly the right of establishment and free movement of services, as well as free movement of capital, under the ECOWAS legal regime. It distinguishes the right of establishment from right to provide services, justifies the distinction by drawing analogy with practices obtainable under the European Union law. It also evaluates the promotion, protection and transfer of capital under the ECOWAS Rules, together with action for failure to comply with these Community obligations on free movement of capital. The chapter rounds off with a brief comment on the existence of anti-integration legislation that would always affect the exploitation of the right of establishment and free movement of services within the territories of the Member States.
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Notes
- 1.
Pinheiro v Republic of Ghana 2012, p. 8.
- 2.
Ibid.
- 3.
Webster Dictionary (online).
- 4.
2009.
- 5.
1964.
- 6.
1963.
- 7.
Beale (1902), p. 501.
- 8.
Merriam Webster (2015).
- 9.
Factortame case 1990.
- 10.
Gebhard v Consiglio Dell’ordine. Degli Avvocati e Procuratori di Milano 1995.
- 11.
Harris and Horspool (2008), p. 275.
- 12.
Article 1 Supplementary Protocol A/SP 2/5/90.
- 13.
Article 3 (1) (2) (d). Revised Treaty 1993.
- 14.
Ibid., Article 3(2)(d)(iii).
- 15.
Revised Treaty 1993.
- 16.
A/SP2/5/90.
- 17.
Revised Treaty 1993.
- 18.
Article 2 Supplementary Protocol A/SP2/5/90.
- 19.
The Nigerian Voice (2014).
- 20.
2012, pp. 8–9.
- 21.
1990, PI-3905.
- 22.
Case 2/74 Reyners [1974] ECR 631.
- 23.
Case 154/93 Tawil-Albertini [1994] ECR I-451.
- 24.
Apothekerkammer des Saarlandes v Saarland 2010, p I-4171.
- 25.
Article 3 Supplementary Protocol A/SP 2/5/90.
- 26.
Ibid.
- 27.
Ibid., Article 4 (1).
- 28.
Ibid., (2).
- 29.
Ibid., (3).
- 30.
Ibid., (6).
- 31.
Article 7 Supplementary Protocol A/SP 2/5/90.
- 32.
Article 4 (5) Supplementary Protocol A/SP 2/5/90.
- 33.
Article 53 Revised Treaty 1993.
- 34.
Law (2006), p. 85.
- 35.
Staatssecretasris van Financien v Verkooijen 2000, p I-4071.
- 36.
Hein Persche v Finanzant Ludenscheid 2009, pI-359.
- 37.
Westdeutsche Landesbank 2001, p I-173.
- 38.
Commission v Netherlands 2006, pI-9141.
- 39.
Case C-367/98 Commission v Portugal 2002, P I-4731.
- 40.
Fidium Finanz AG v Bundesanstalt fur Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht 2006, p I-9521.
- 41.
Articles 8, 10 and 11 Supplementary Protocol A/SP 2/5/90, Article 53(2) Revised Treaty 1993.
- 42.
Article 53 (2) Revised Treaty 1993.
- 43.
Ibid., 3(a).
- 44.
Ibid.
- 45.
Ibid., (b)–(d).
- 46.
Article 5 Supplementary Protocol A/SP 2/5/90.
- 47.
Ibid., Article 8.
- 48.
Ibid.
- 49.
Ibid., Article 10.
- 50.
Ibid.
- 51.
Ibid., Article 11.
- 52.
Ibid.
- 53.
Article 10 (a) Supplementary Protocol Relating to Community Court.
- 54.
2013.
- 55.
Article 27 GIPC Act 2013.
- 56.
Ibid., Article 28.
- 57.
The Nigerian Voice (2014).
References
Legislation
Protocol (A/P1/7/91) on the Community Court of Justice as amended by Supplementary Protocol (A/SP.1/01/05
Supplementary Protocol A/SP 2/5/90 on the Implementation of Third Phase (Right of Establishment) of the Protocol on Free Movement of Persons, Right of Residence and Establishment
Revised Treaty 1993
Cases
Brubaker v Deer &co 2009 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 102419 (S.D. Iowa Oct. 16, 2009) available via http://definitions.uslegal.com/v/vested-right/. Accessed 21 June 2015
Cases C-171/07 and C-172/07 Apothekerkammer des Saarlandes v Saarland [2010] ECR I-4171
Cases C-282/04 and 283/04 Commission v Netherlands [2006] ECR I-9141
Case C-367/98 Commission v Portugal (Golden Share) [2002] ECR I-4731
Case C-452/04 Fidium Finanz AG v Bundesanstalt fur Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht [2006] ECR I-9521)
Case C-318/07 Hein Persche v Finanzant Ludenscheid [2009] ECR I-359)
Case 2/74 Reyners [1974] ECR I-631
Case C-35/98 Staatssecretasris van Financien v Verkooijen [2000] ECR I-4071
Case 154/93 Tawil-Albertini [1994] ECR I-451
Case C-464/98 Westdeutsche Landesbank [2001] ECR I-173
Costa v Enel C-6/64 15/7/1964 eu-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServido? Uri=CELEX61964CJ0006:EN:PDF. Accessed 16 October 2013
Gebhard v Consiglio dell’ Ordine degli Avvocat e Procuratori di Milano, Case C-55/94 via eu-/lex Uri serv/lex uri servi do?uri=celex 61994CJ0055:EN:pdf
Pinheiro v Republic of Ghana 2012 ECW/CCJ/JUD/11/12. www.courtecowas.org/site2012/pdf. Accessed 25 June 2015
Queen v Secretary of State For Transport, ex parte Factortame Ltd and others, Case 221/89 via eu-/lex Uri serv/lex uri servi do?uri=celex 61989CJ0221:EN:pdf. Accessed 20 October 2013
Van Gend & Loos v Nederlandse Administrative Der Belastingen C-26/62 5/2/1963 eu-lex.europa.eu/LexUri Serv/LexUri Servido? Uri=CELEX61978CJ0148: EN:PDF. Accessed 17 October 2013
Publications
Beale J (1902) A selection of cases on the conflict of laws. vol 3, p. 501. Available via http://lawweb.usc.edu/users/dklerman/documents/1.BealeCurrieRichman-FirstClass.pdf. Accessed 21 June 2015
Harris S, Horspool M (2008) EU law (subject guide). University of London Press, London
Law J (ed) (2006) Oxford Dictionary of Business and Management, 4th edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford
The Nigerian Voice (2014) Ghana moves to sack Nigerian traders. http://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/160711/1/ghana-moves-to-sack-nigerian-traders.html. Accessed 25 July 2015
Webster Dictionary (2015) http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/vested%20right. Accessed 21 June 2015
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Ukaigwe, J. (2016). Right of Establishment (Services) and Free Movement of Capital. In: ECOWAS Law. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26233-8_11
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