Skip to main content

Electrodeposition at a Periodically Changing Rate

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

The application of a periodically changing current in metal electrodeposition practice leads to improvements in the quality of electrodeposits. Three types of current variation have been found useful: reversing current (RC), pulsating current (PC), and sinusoidal, alternating current superimposed on a direct current (AC) [1–12]. The schematic presentation of the different current regimes of electrolysis is shown in Fig. 4.1. Also, the beneficial effects of pulsating overpotential (PO) have also been discussed [3]. Even though this kind of electrodeposition at a periodically changing rate (EPCR) is important from a theoretical point of view and offers a variety of experimental possibilities, it is as yet not frequently used in metal electrodeposition practice.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Bibikov N (1961) Electrodeposition of metals by AC. Mashgiz, Moscow/Leningrad (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bakhvalov G (1966) New technology of metal electrodeposition. Metallurgiya, Moscow (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Despić AR, Popov KI (1972) Transport controlled deposition and dissolution of metals. In: Conway BE, Bockris JO’M (eds) Modern aspects of electrochemistry, vol 7. Plenum, New York, pp 199–313

    Google Scholar 

  4. Ibl N, Puippe JA, Angerer H (1978) Electrocrystallization in pulse electrolysis. Surf Technol 6:287–330

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Polukarov YM, Grinina VV (1985) Electrodeposition of metals by periodically changing rate and single pulses. In: Polukarov YM (ed) Itogi nauki i tekhniki, Seriya Elektrokhimiya, vol 22. Acad Sci Moscow, Moscow (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Puippe JC, Leaman F (eds) (1986) Theory and practice of pulse plating. American Electroplate and Surface Finishing Society, Orlando

    Google Scholar 

  7. Popov KI, Maksimović MD (1989) Theory of the effect of electrodeposition at a periodically changing rate on the morphology of metal deposits. In: Conway BE, Bockris JO’M, White RE (eds) Modern aspects of electrochemistry, vol 19. Plenum Press, New York, pp 193–250

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  8. Pesco A, Cheh H (1989) Theory and application of periodic electrolysis. In: Conway BE, Bockris JO’M, White RE (eds) Modern aspects of electrochemistry, vol 19. Plenum Press, New York, pp 251–293

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Popov KI, Pavlović MG (1993) Electrodeposition of metal powders with controlled grain size and morphology. In: White RE, Bockris JO’M, Conway BE (eds) Modern aspects of electrochemistry, vol 24. Plenum Press, New York, pp 299–391

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. Maksimović MD (1995) The influence of the charge and discharge of the electrical double layer in electrodeposition by periodically changing rate. J Serb Chem Soc 60:449–458

    Google Scholar 

  11. Maksimović MD, Popov KI (1999) Mass transfer during electrodeposition of metals at a periodically changing rate. J Serb Chem Soc 64:317–340

    Google Scholar 

  12. Popov KI, Djokić SS, Grgur BN (2002) Fundamental aspects of electrometallurgy. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, pp 101–143, Ch 4

    Google Scholar 

  13. Viswanathan K, Cheh HY (1979) Mass transfer aspect of electrolysis by periodic currents. J Electrochem Soc 126:398–401

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Chin DT (1983) Mass transfer and current-potential relation in pulse electrolysis. J Electrochem Soc 130:1657–1667

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Popov KI, Maksimović MD, Simić MS (1982) The effect of periodic reverse current on the surface rougneses of metal deposits and maximal deposition rate. Surf Technol 16:209–218

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Popov KI, Maksimović MD, Ocokoljić BM, Lazarević BJ (1980) Fundamental aspects of pulsating current metal electrodeposition I: the effect of the pulsating current on the surface roughness and the porosity of metal deposits. Surf Technol 11:99–109

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Maksimović MD, Totovski DĆ, Ivić AP (1983) The effect of AC superimposed on DC in the electrodeposition of metals. Surf Technol 18:233–241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Popov KI, Maksimović MD, Zečević SK, Stojić MR (1986) Surface roughening and dendritic growth in pulsating overpotential copper electrodeposition. Surf Coat Technol 27:117–129

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Popov KI, Maksimović MD (1991) Maximum deposition rate in metal electrodeposition by reversing current in the second range. J Serb Chem Soc 56:25–31

    Google Scholar 

  20. Romanov VV (1963) The Zinc spongy electrodeposits formation during deposition from zincate alkaline solution. Zh Prikl Khim 36:1057–1063 (in Russian)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Popov KI, Keča DN, Anđelić MD (1978) Electrodeposition of zinc on copper from alkaline zinkate solutions. J Appl Electrochem 8:19–23

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Diggle JW, Despić AR, Bockris JO’M (1969) The mechanism of the dendritic electrocrystallization of zinc. J Electrochem Soc 116:1503–1514

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Barton JL, Bockris JO’M (1962) The electrolytic growth of dendrites from ionic solutions. Proc Roy Soc London A 268:485–505

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Bek RY, Kudryavtsev NT (1961) The effect of a periodically changing rate on the zinc electrodeposition from zincate alkaline solutions. Zh Prikl Khim 34:2020–2027 (in Russian)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Arouete S, Blurton KF, Oswin HG (1969) Controlled current deposition of zinc from alkaline solution. J Electrochem Soc 116:166–169

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Popov KI, Stojilković ER, Radmilović V, Pavlović MG (1997) Morphology of lead dendrites electrodeposited by square-wave pulsating overpotential. Powder Technol 93:55–61

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Pavlović MG, Maksimović MD, Popov KI, Kršul MB (1978) The effect of pulsating overpotential on the morphology of electrodeposited silver powder particles. J Appl Electrochem 8:61–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Popov KI, Maksimović MD, Pavlović MG, Ostojić GR (1977) Formation of powdered copper deposits by square-wave pulsating overpotential. J Appl Electrochem 7:331–337

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Pavlović MG, Pavlović LjJ, Stojilković ER, Radmilović V, Popov KI (2001) The effect of particle structure on apparent density of electrolytic copper powder. J Serb Chem Soc 66:923–933

    Google Scholar 

  30. Popov KI, Pavlović LjJ, Stojilković ER, Radmilović V, Pavlović MG (2002) The effect of reversing current deposition on apparent density of electrolytic copper powder. J Serb Chem Soc 67:61–67

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Popov KI, Pavlović MG, Stojilković ER, Radmilović V (1996) Silver powder electrodeposition by constant and pulsating overpotential. J Serb Chem Soc 61:47–55

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Popov KI, Pavlović MG, Remović GŽ (1991) The effect of the pause-to-pulse ratio on the morphology of metal powder particles electrodeposited by square-wave pulsating overpotential. J Appl Electrochem 21:743–745

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Popov KI, Pavlović MG, Jovičević JN (1989) Morphology of tin powder particles obtained in electrodeposition on copper cathode by constant and square-wave pulsating overpotential from Sn(II) alkaline solution. Hydrometallurgy 23:127–137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Popov KI, Maksimović MD, Stevanović RM, Krstajić NV (1984) Fundamental aspect of pulsating current metal electrodeposition. VIII: the effect pulse to pause ratio on microthrowing power of metal deposits. Surf Technol 22:155–158

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Popov KI, Pavlović MG, Pavlović LjJ, Čekerevac MI, Remović GŽ (1988) Electrode surface coarsening in pulsating overpotential copper electrodeposition. Surf Coat Technol 34:355–363

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Popov KI (1992) The effect of periodically changing rate in electrodeposition on the morphology of metal deposits. In: Dekanski A, Pavlović MG (eds) Application of pulsating regimes in electroplating. ICTM–Department of Electrochemistry, Belgrade, pp 49–73 (in Serbian)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Popov KI, Maksimović MD, Totovski DĆ (1982) Fundamental aspects of pulsating current metal electrodeposition. VI: the comparison of electrode surface roughening in pulsating current and periodic reverse current electrodeposition of metals. Surf Technol 17:125–129

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Popov KI, Totovski DĆ, Maksimović MD (1983) Fundamental aspects of pulsating current metal electrodeposition. VII: the comparison of current density distribution in pulsating current and periodic reverse current electrodeposition of metals. Surf Technol 19:181–185

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Popov KI, Kostić TM, Stojilković ER, Nikolić ND, Pavlović MG (1998) The determination of the optimum current wave in reversing current metal electrodeposition. J Serb Chem Soc 63:537–544

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Petrović BM, Kostić TM (2000) The properties of chromium electrodeposited with programed currents. Part I: direct current. J Serb Chem Soc 65:55–63

    Google Scholar 

  41. Petrović BM, Kostić TM (2000) The properties of chromium electrodeposited with programed currents. Part II: reversing current. J Serb Chem Soc 65:65–72

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Popov, K.I., Djokić, S.S., Nikolić, N.D., Jović, V.D. (2016). Electrodeposition at a Periodically Changing Rate. In: Morphology of Electrochemically and Chemically Deposited Metals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26073-0_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics