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Rapid Profiling of Human Pathogenic Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Employing Specific Tryptic Peptides as Biomarkers

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Applications of Mass Spectrometry in Microbiology

Abstract

Identification of human pathogens by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, based on profiling of mainly taxonomic relevant ribosomal proteins and comparison to a reference mass spectra database, has developed into a robust cutting-edge diagnostic technology and has revolutionized work in microbiological laboratories in recent years. This is due to the high speed of analysis allowing a short time to result and the streamlined protocol enabling an accurate and cost-effective identification within less than 20 min. Application fields include clinical and veterinary diagnostics, food safety control, outbreak tracking, environmental microbiology, biotechnology, and biodefense. A major challenge to MS-based identification has been to reliably increase the taxonomic resolution to the below-species level. This challenge originates from the fact that strains of one species exhibit substantial genetic overlap and thus high protein similarity. Two main approaches have been applied to resolve mass peak variations below the species level: the library-based and the proteomics-based approach. Within the library-based approach, both sample pre-treatment and data reduction strategies have been developed. Proteomics-based approaches comprise bottom-up and top-down characterization of biomarkers applying large databases available to the public.

The focus of this chapter is on the state of MALDI-TOF- and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS-based identification of human pathogens below the species level and specifically on the application of tryptic peptides as a recent development in enhancing the discriminatory power for bacterial profiling and determination of bacterial antibiotic resistances. Rapid identification at the below-species level is highly important for identification and diagnosis of pathogens, to determine appropriate drug therapy, to reliably trace back contamination sources in elucidation of epidemics, to improve food production and processing, or to develop better clinical practices.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agroscope Institute for Food Sciences, Food Microbiology and Analytics, Schloss 1, 8820, Waedenswil, Switzerland

    David Drissner & Maria-Theresia Gekenidis

  2. Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland

    René Brunisholz & Ralph Schlapbach

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  1. David Drissner
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  2. René Brunisholz
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  3. Ralph Schlapbach
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  4. Maria-Theresia Gekenidis
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Correspondence to David Drissner .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA

    Plamen Demirev

  2. Arizona State University, School of Math and Natural Sciences, Phoenix, Arizona, USA

    Todd R. Sandrin

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Drissner, D., Brunisholz, R., Schlapbach, R., Gekenidis, MT. (2016). Rapid Profiling of Human Pathogenic Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Employing Specific Tryptic Peptides as Biomarkers. In: Demirev, P., Sandrin, T. (eds) Applications of Mass Spectrometry in Microbiology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26070-9_11

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