Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Surgical Management of Inflammatory Breast Cancer

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Breast Disease

  • 1624 Accesses

Abstract

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare clinicopathological entity but remains one of the most aggressive types of breast cancer. The acute edematous infiltration of the skin and breast is met with occasionally, and it is without doubt the most acute and fatal form of cancer found in the breast. Such cases as these have been mistaken for inflammation, but knowledge of the probability of this affection being cancerous should prevent such a mistake from being made. Here, we review the current epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostic modalities, and treatment of IBC.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Hance KW, Anderson WF, Devesa SS, Young HA, Levine PH. Trends in inflammatory breast carcinoma incidence and survival: the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program at the National Cancer Institute. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97:966–75.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Taylor GW, Meltzer A. Inflammatory carcinoma of the breast. Am J Cancer. 1938;33:33–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Bonnier P, Charpin C, Lejeune C, Romain S, Tubiana N, Beedassy B, et al. Inflammatory carcinomas of the breast: a clinical, pathological, or a clinical and pathological definition? Int J Cancer. 1995;62:382–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Yamauchi H, Woodward WA, Valero V, Alvarez RH, Lucci A, Buchholz TA, et al. Inflammatory breast cancer: what we know and what we need to learn. Oncologist. 2012;17:891–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Anderson WF, Schairer C, Chen BE, Hance KW, Levine PH. Epidemiology of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). Breast Dis. 2006;22(1):9–23.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Jaiyesimi IA, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi G. Inflammatory breast cancer: a review. J Clin Oncol. 1992;10:1014–24.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Woodward, Wendy A, Cristofanilli M. Inflammatory breast cancer. Semin Radiat Oncol. 2009;19:4. WB Saunders.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Chang S, Parker SL, Pham T, Buzdar AU, Hursting SD. Inflammatory breast carcinoma incidence and survival. Cancer. 1998;82(12):2366–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Wingo PA, Jamison PM, Young JL, Gargiullo P. Population-based statistics for women diagnosed with inflammatory breast cancer (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 2004;15(3):321–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Robertson FM, Bondy M, Yang W, Yamauchi H, Wiggins S, Kamrudin S, et al. Inflammatory breast cancer: the disease, the biology, the treatment. CA Cancer J Clin. 2010;60(6):351–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Schairer C, Soliman AS, Omar S, Khaled H, Eissa S, Ayed FB, et al. Assessment of diagnosis of inflammatory breast cancer cases at two cancer centers in Egypt and Tunisia. Cancer Med. 2013;2(2):178–84.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Haagensen CD. Diseases of the breast. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1971. p. 576–84.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Grren F, Page D, Flemming I, Fritz AG, Balch CM, Haller DG, et al. AJCC cancer staging manual, 6th Edition. 2002:221–40.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Shenkier T, Weir L, Levine M, Olivotto I, Whelan T, Reyno L, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the care and treatment of breast cancer. CMJA. 2004;170:983–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Dawood S, Merajver S D, Viens P, Vermeulen P B, Swain SM, Buchholz T A, et al. International expert panel on inflammatory breast cancer: consensus statement for standardized diagnosis and treatment. Annals Oncol. 2011;22:511–23.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Ellis DL, Teitelbaum SL. Inflammatory carcinoma of the breast. A pathologic definition. Cancer. 1974;33(4):1045–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Boussen H, Bouzaiene H, Ben Hassouna J, Dhiab T, Khomsi F, Benna F, et al. Inflammatory breast cancer in Tunisia. Cancer. 2010;116:2730–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Overmoyer BA. Inflammatory breast cancer: novel preoperative therapies. Clin Breast Cancer. 2010;10(1):27–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Dawood S, Broglio K, Gong Y, Yang WT, Cristofanilli M, Kau SW, et al. Prognostic significance of HER‐2 status in women with inflammatory breast cancer. Cancer. 2008;112(9):1905–11.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Gonzalez Angulo AM, Sneige N, Buzdar AU, Valero V, Kau SW, Broglio K, et al. p53 expression as a prognostic marker in inflammatory breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10(18):6215–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Gong Y, González Angulo AM, Broglio K, Huo L, Sneige N, Cen P, et al. Expression of Notch-1 and beta-catenin: defining the molecular portrait of inflammatory breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2006;100:299.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Kleer CG, Griffith KA, Sabel MS, Gallagher G, van Golen KL, Wu ZF, et al. RhoC-GTPase is a novel tissue biomarker associated with biologically aggressive carcinomas of the breast. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2005;93(2):101–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Yang WT, Le-Petross HT, Macapinlac H, Carkaci S, Gonzalez Angulo AM, Dawood S, et al. Inflammatory breast cancer: PET/CT, MRI, mammography, and sonography findings. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008;109(3):417–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Chow CK. Imaging in inflammatory breast carcinoma. Breast Dis. 2006;22(1):45–54.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Gunhan Bilgen I, Ustun EE, Memis A. Inflammatory breast carcinoma: mammographic, ultrasonographic, clinical, and pathologic findings in 142 cases 1. Radiology. 2001;223(3):829–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Vetto JT. Breast diseases in males. In: Management of breast diseases. Springer: Berlin Heidelberg; 2010;471–96.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Le Petross H, Uppendahl L, Stafford J. Sonographic features of inflammatory breast cancer. Semin Roentgenol. 2011;46:275–9. WB Saunders.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Uematsu T. MRI findings of inflammatory breast cancer, locally advanced breast cancer, and acute mastitis: T2-weighted images can increase the specificity of inflammatory breast cancer. Breast Cancer. 2012;19(4):289–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Danforth Jr DN, Aloj L, Carrasquillo JA, Bacharach SL, Chow C, Zujewski J, et al. The role of 18F-FDG-PET in the local/regional evaluation of women with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2002;75(2):135–46.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Eubank WB, Mankoff DA. Evolving role of positron emission tomography in breast cancer imaging. Semin Nucl Med. 2005;35:84–99. WB Saunders.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Eubank WB, Mankoff DA, Takasugi J, Vesselle H, Eary JF, Shanley TJ, et al. 18fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography to detect mediastinal or internal mammary metastases in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19(15):3516–23.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Iniesta MD, Mooney CJ, Merajver SD. Inflammatory breast cancer: what are the treatment options? Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2009;10(18):2987–97.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Scotti V, Desideri I, Meattini I, Cataldo VD, Cecchini S, Petrucci A, et al. Management of inflammatory breast cancer: focus on radiotherapy with an evidence-based approach. Cancer Treat Rev. 2013;39(2):119–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Cristofanilli M, Buzdar AU, Sneige N, Smith T, Wasaff B, Ibrahim N, et al. Paclitaxel in the multimodality treatment for inflammatory breast carcinoma. Cancer. 2001;92(7):1775–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Ueno NT, Buzdar AU, Singletary SE, Ames FC, McNeese MD, Holmes FA, et al. Combined-modality treatment of inflammatory breast carcinoma: twenty years of experience at MD Anderson Cancer Center. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1997;40(4):321–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Koh EH, Buzdar AU, Ames FC, Singletary SE, McNeese MD, Frye D, et al. Inflammatory carcinoma of the breast: results of a combined-modality approach—MD Anderson Cancer Center experience. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1990;27(2):94–100.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Buzdar AU, Singletary SE, Booser DJ, Frye DK, Wasaff B, Hortobagyi GN. Combined modality treatment of stage III and inflammatory breast cancer. MD Anderson Cancer Center experience. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 1995;4(4):715–34.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Baldini E, Gardin G, Evangelista G, Prochilo T, Collecchi P, Lionetto R. Long-term results of combined-modality therapy for inflammatory breast carcinoma. Clin Breast Cancer. 2004;5(5):358–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Harris EE, Schultz D, Bertsch H, Fox K, Glick J, Solin LJ. Ten-year outcome after combined modality therapy for inflammatory breast cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003;55(5):1200–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Low JA, Berman AW, Steinberg SM, Danforth DN, Lippman ME, Swain SM. Long-term follow-up for locally advanced and inflammatory breast cancer patients treated with multimodality therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22(20):4067–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Van Pelt AE, Mohsin S, Elledge RM, Hilsenbeck SG, Gutierrez M, Lucci Jr A, et al. Neoadjuvant trastuzumab and docetaxel in patients with breast cancer: preliminary results. Clin Breast Cancer. 2003;4(5):348–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Burstein HJ, Harris LN, Gelman R, Lester SC, Nunes RA, Kaelin CM, et al. Preoperative therapy with trastuzumab and paclitaxel followed by sequential adjuvant doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide for HER2 overexpressing stage II or III breast cancer: a pilot study. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(1):46–53.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Gianni L, Eiermann W, Semiglazov V, Manikhas A, Lluch A, Tjulandin S, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with trastuzumab followed by adjuvant trastuzumab versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone, in patients with HER2-positive locally advanced breast cancer (the NOAH trial): a randomised controlled superiority trial with a parallel HER2-negative cohort. Lancet. 2010;375:377–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Conti F, Carpano S, Sergi D, Di Lauro L, Amodio A, Vici P, et al. High-dose CEF (cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, fluorouracil) as primary chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer: long-term results. La Clinicaterapeutica. 2006;158(4):331–41.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Viens P, Palangie T, Janvier M, Fabbro M, Roche H, Delozier T, et al. First-line high-dose sequential chemotherapy with rG-CSF and repeated blood stem cell transplantation in untreated inflammatory breast cancer: toxicity and response (PEGASE 02 trial). Br J Cancer. 1999;81(3):449.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Specht J, Gralow JR. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer. Semin Radiat Oncol. 2009;19:222–8. WB Saunders.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Perez CA, Graham ML, Taylor ME, Levy JF, Mortimer JE, Philpott GW, et al. Management of locally advanced carcinoma of the breast I. Noninflammatory. Cancer. 1994;74:453–65.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Panades M, Olivotto IA, Speers CH, Shenkier T, Olivotto TA, Weir L, et al. Evolving treatment strategies for inflammatory breast cancer: a population-based survival analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(9):1941–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Kell R, Morrow M. Surgical aspects of inflammatory breast cancer. Breast Dis. 2005;22:67–73.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Stearns V, Ewing CA, Slack R, Penannen MF, Hayes DF, Tsangaris TN. Sentinel lymphadenectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer may reliably represent the axilla except for inflammatory breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2002;9(3):235–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Pisansky TM, Schaid DJ, Loprinzi CL, Donohue JH, Schray MF, Schomberg PJ. Inflammatory breast cancer: integration of irradiation, surgery, and chemotherapy. Am J Clin Oncol. 1992;15(5):376–98.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Thomas F, Arriagada R, Spielmann M, Mouriesse H, Chevalier TL, Fontaine F, Tursz T. Pattern of failure in patients with inflammatory breast cancer treated by alternating radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Cancer. 1995;76(11):2286–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Fleming RD, Asmar L, Buzdar AU, McNeese MD, Ames FC, Ross MI, et al. Effectiveness of mastectomy by response to induction chemotherapy for control in inflammatory breast carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 1997;4(6):452–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Abrous Anane S, Savignoni A, Daveau C, Pierga JY, Gautier C, Reyal F, et al. Management of inflammatory breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011;79(4):1055–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Bristol IJ, Woodward WA, Strom EA, Cristofanilli M, Domain D, Singletary SE, et al. Locoregional treatment outcomes after multimodality management of inflammatory breast cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008;72(2):474–84.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  56. Damast S, Ho AY, Montgomery L, Fornier MN, Ishill N, Elkin E, et al. Locoregional outcomes of inflammatory breast cancer patients treated with standard fractionation radiation and daily skin bolus in the taxane era. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010;77(4):1105–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Khatcheressian JL, Wolff AC, Smith TJ, Grunfeld E, Muss HB, Vogel VG, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology 2006 update of the breast cancer follow-up and management guidelines in the adjuvant setting. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(31):5091–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Atilla Soran MD, MPH, FACS & Tara Grahovac MD

  2. Department of Surgery, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey

    Bulent Unal MD

Authors
  1. Atilla Soran MD, MPH, FACS
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bulent Unal MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Tara Grahovac MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Atilla Soran MD, MPH, FACS .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Inst of Oncology,Ist Tıp Fak, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Adnan Aydiner

  2. General Surgery, Istanbul Univ Istanbul Fac of Med, Istanbul, Turkey

    Abdullah İgci

  3. Breast Surgery,, Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburg, USA

    Atilla Soran

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Soran, A., Unal, B., Grahovac, T. (2016). Surgical Management of Inflammatory Breast Cancer. In: Aydiner, A., İgci, A., Soran, A. (eds) Breast Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26012-9_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26012-9_19

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-26010-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-26012-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation