Skip to main content

Oxo-biodegradable Plastics: Who They Are and to What They Serve—Present Status and Future Perspectives

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Polyolefin Compounds and Materials

Part of the book series: Springer Series on Polymer and Composite Materials ((SSPCM))

Abstract

The worldwide annual consumption of polymeric materials and relevant plastic items is nowadays well above 300 million Tons, of which less than 2 million Tons is represented by polymeric materials from renewable resources. These last materials, when converted to relevant plastic manufactured goods, are identified under the ambiguous chimeric “bioplastics” terminology as evidenced in official EU documents [1, 2].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. L. Shen, J. Haufe, M. K. Patel, Product overview and market projection of emerging bio-based plastics, PRO-BIP (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  2. CEN/TR 15932-2009, Plastics-Recommendation for Terminology and Characterisation of Bioplastics

    Google Scholar 

  3. CEN/TR 15351-2005, Plastics-Guide for Vocabulary in the Field of Degradable and Biodegradable Polymers and Plastic Items

    Google Scholar 

  4. www.plasticseurope.com

  5. press@european-bioplastics.org

    Google Scholar 

  6. J.G.B. Derraik, The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 44, 842 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. M.R. Gregory, Environmental implications of plastic debris in marine settings-entanglement, ingestion, smothering, hangers-o, hitch hiking and alien invasions. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. 364, 2013 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Y. Ohtake, T. Kobayashi, H. Asabe, N. Murakami, Studies on biodegradation of LDPE: obervation of LDPE films scattered in agricultural fields or in garden soil. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 60, 79 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. ICS-UNIDO program on Plastic Waste Management and Sustanaible Development, Dec. 1996–Mar. 2008

    Google Scholar 

  10. S.A. Barenberg, J.L. Brash, R. Narayan, A.E. Redpath, Degradable materials, perspectives, issues, and opportunities (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1990)

    Google Scholar 

  11. https://plasticssource.com/splasticsresource/docs/900/840.pdf, https://www.plasticseurope.org 2006

  12. www.biomassmagazine.com 2009; www.Plasticculture.com 2009

  13. Decreto Legge del Parlamento Italiano n. 397 del 09/09/1988 “Disposizioni urgenti in materia di smaltimento dei rifiuti”

    Google Scholar 

  14. Legge Ordinaria del Parlamento Italiano n. 475 del 09/11/1988 “Disposizioni urgenti in materia di smaltimento dei rifiuti industriali”, art. 1, comma 8

    Google Scholar 

  15. Decreto legge del Parlamento Italiano n. 22 del 05/02/1997 “Attuazione delle Direttive 91/156/CEE sui rifiuti, 91/689/CEE sui rifiuti pericolosi e 94/62/CE sugli imballaggi e sui rifiuti di imballaggio, art. 56

    Google Scholar 

  16. EN 13432-02, Requirements for Packaging Recoverable Through Composting and Biodegradation. Test scheme and evaluation criteria for the final acceptance of packaging

    Google Scholar 

  17. EN 14995-06, Plastics: Evaluation of Compostability. Test Scheme and Specifications

    Google Scholar 

  18. ISO 17088-08/12, Specifications for Compostable Plastics

    Google Scholar 

  19. www.cipet.gov.in, Plastics Industry-Statistics

  20. D.T. Gibson (ed.), Microbial Degradation of Organic Compounds (Marcel Dekker Inc. New York, 1984)

    Google Scholar 

  21. E. Chiellini, Oxo-biodegradabili: realtà, non-fiction, Com. Pack 4, 16 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  22. E. Chiellini, A. Corti, G. Swift, Biodegradation of thermally-oxidized, fragmented low-density polyethylenes. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 81, 341 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. E. Chiellini, A. Corti, A simple method suitable to test the ultimate biodegradability of environmentally degradable polymers. Macromol. Symp. 197, 381 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. E. Chiellini, A. Corti, S. D’Antone, R. Baciu, Oxo-biodegradable carbon backbone polymers—oxidative degradation of polyethylene under accelerated test conditions. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 91, 2739 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. E. Chiellini, A. Corti, S. D’Antone, N.C. Billingham, Microbial biomass yield and turnover in soil burial biodegradation tests: carbon substrate effects. J. Polymer Environ. 15, 169 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. E. Chiellini, A. Corti, S. D’Antone, Oxo-biodegradable full carbon backbone polymers—biodegradation behavior of thermally oxidized polyethylene in an aqueous medium. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 92, 1378 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. E. Chiellini, Environmentally Compatible Food Packaging (CRC Press, Cambridge, 2008)

    Google Scholar 

  28. A. Corti, M. Sudhakar, M. Vitali, S.H. Imam, E. Chiellini, Oxidation and biodegradation of polyethylene films containing pro-oxidant additives: Synergistic effects of sunlight exposure, thermal aging and fungal biodegradation. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 95, 1106 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. E. Chiellini, A. Corti, S. D’Antone, D. Wiles, Oxobiodegradable Polymers: Present Status and Perspectives in Handbook of Biodegradable Polymers, eds. by Lendlein & Schroeter Eds, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (Germany), 379 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  30. E. Chiellini, A. Corti, Developments and Future Trends for Environmentally Degradable Plastics, eds. by P. Fornasiero, S.M. Graziani Renewable Resources and Renewable Energy: A Global Challenge, vol 91 (Taylor and Francis Group, LLC, 2011)

    Google Scholar 

  31. A. Corti, M. Sudhakar, E. Chiellini, Assessment of the whole environmental degradation of oxo-biodegradable linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) films designed for mulching applications. J. Polym. Environ. 20, 1018 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. I. Jakubowicz, N. Yarahmadi, V. Arthurson, Kinetics of abiotic and biotic degradability of low-density polyethylene containing prodegradant additives and its effect on the growth of microbial communities. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 96, 919 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. S. Verstichel- Organic Waste Systems (OWS) Final Report, Ecotoxicity Tests—Cress Test. Summer Barley Plant Growth Test Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Test Daphnia, Acute Toxicity on Compost Residuals of EPI-TDPA-Study CH-3/2 (Cress Test), Study CH-3/3 (Summer barley plant growth test) Study CH-3/4 (Earthworm, acute toxicity test), Study CH-3/5 (Daphnia, acute toxicity test)

    Google Scholar 

  34. M. Brunet, D. Graniel, L. Cote, Environment Department Quebec. Evaluation of the impact of biodegradable bags on the recycling of traditional plastic bags- CRIQ File n. 640-PE35461- Final Technical Report

    Google Scholar 

  35. Roediger Agencies cc, Polymer Science Building Analytical Laboratory; De Beer Street, Stellenbosch 7600; 6th March 2012; “Recycling Report on d2w oxo-biodegradable Plastics”

    Google Scholar 

  36. I. Jakubowicz, J. Enebro, Effects of reprocessing of oxobiodegradable and non-degradable polyethylene on the durability of recycled materials. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 97, 316 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Emo Chiellini .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Chiellini, E., Corti, A. (2016). Oxo-biodegradable Plastics: Who They Are and to What They Serve—Present Status and Future Perspectives. In: Al-Ali AlMa'adeed, M., Krupa, I. (eds) Polyolefin Compounds and Materials. Springer Series on Polymer and Composite Materials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25982-6_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics