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Omics in Chlamydomonas for Biofuel Production

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Lipids in Plant and Algae Development

Part of the book series: Subcellular Biochemistry ((SCBI,volume 86))

Abstract

In response to demands for sustainable domestic fuel sources, research into biofuels has become increasingly important. Many challenges face biofuels in their effort to replace petroleum fuels, but rational strain engineering of algae and photosynthetic organisms offers a great deal of promise. For decades, mutations and stress responses in photosynthetic microbiota were seen to result in production of exciting high-energy fuel molecules, giving hope but minor capability for design. However, ‘-omics’ techniques for visualizing entire cell processing has clarified biosynthesis and regulatory networks. Investigation into the promising production behaviors of the model organism C. reinhardtii and its mutants with these powerful techniques has improved predictability and understanding of the diverse, complex interactions within photosynthetic organisms. This new equipment has created an exciting new frontier for high-throughput, predictable engineering of photosynthetically produced carbon-neutral biofuels.

*These authors contributed equally.

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Abbreviations

ACCase:

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, E.C. 6.4.1.2

ACK1:

Non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase, E.C. 2.7.10.2

ACK2:

(Acetyl-CoA carboxylase) kinase 2, E.C. 2.7.11.27

ADH1:

Alcohol dehydrogenase 1/Formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH1), E.C. 1.1.1.1

ADH2:

Alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+), E.C. 1.1.1.2

ADH3:

Alcohol dehydrogenase Isoform, E.C. 1.1.1.1

ADP-Glc PPase:

ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, E.C. 2.7.7.27

DGAT:

Diacylglycerol acyltransferase, E.C. 2.3.1.20

FAS:

Fatty acid synthase, E.C. 2.3.1.85

GPAT:

Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, E.C. 2.3.1.15

HYD1:

Ferredoxin hydrogenase, E.C. 1.12.7.2

HYD2:

Ferredoxin hydrogenase Isoform, E.C. 1.12.7.2

ICL:

Isocitrate lyase, E.C. 4.1.3.1

LDH:

Lactate dehydrogenase, E.C. 1.1.1.27

LPAT:

Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, E.C. 2.3.1.51

MCT:

Malonyl acyl carrier protein transferase, E.C. 2.3.1.39

MLDP:

Major lipid droplet protein

PAT1:

Phosphate acetyltransferase, E.C. 2.3.1.8

PAT2:

Phosphate acetyltransferase Isoform, E.C. 2.3.1.8

PDC3:

Pyruvate decarboxylase, E.C. 4.1.1.1

PDAT:

Phospholipid diacylglycerol acyltransferase, E.C. 2.3.1.158

PDH:

Pyruvate dehydrogenase, E.C. 1.2.1.51

PFL1:

Formate C-acetyltransferase, E.C. 2.3.1.54

DGAT1:

Diacylglycerol acyltransferase

DGTT1:

Diacylglycerol acyltransferase

GPD2:

Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

GPD4:

Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

LHCBM9:

Light Harvesting Complex Chlorophyll a-b binding protein

LHCSR2:

Light Harvesting Complex stress-related 2

LPAT1:

Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase

MLDP1:

Major lipid droplet protein

PDAT1:

Phospholipid diacylglycerol acyltransferase

DAG:

Diacylglycerol

FA:

Fatty acid

FDox:

Ferredoxin (oxidized)

FDred:

Ferredoxin (reduced)

G3P:

Glycerol-3-phosphate

PFR1ox:

Pyruvate ferredoxin (oxidized)

PFR1red:

Pyruvate ferredoxin (reduced)

SQDG:

Sulfoquinovovosyl diacylglycerol

TAG:

Triacylglycerol

Cytb6 :

Cytochrome b6 (small subunit of cytochrome b6f complex)

Cytf:

Cytochrome f (large subunit of cytochrome b6f complex)

Fd:

Ferredoxin

FNR:

Ferredoxin – NADP(+) reductase

LHC:

Light Harvesting Complex

NDH:

Plastidial NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex

P680:

Chlorophyll a P680 (680 nm)

P700:

Chlorophyll a P700 (700 nm)

Pc:

Plastocyanin

PQ(H)2 :

Plastoquinone (reduced)

PSI:

Photosystem I

PSII:

Photosystem II

PQ0 :

Plastoquinone (oxidized)

2-DE:

2-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

GC/MS:

Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy

HS:

Heat Shock

LC/MS:

Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy

MALDI:

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization

NMR:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

MFA:

Metabolite Flux Analysis

TOF:

Time of Flight

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA

      Hanna R. Aucoin, Joseph Gardner & Nanette R. Boyle

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    1. Hanna R. Aucoin
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    2. Joseph Gardner
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    3. Nanette R. Boyle
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    Correspondence to Nanette R. Boyle .

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    1. Academia Sinica, Institute of Plant and Microbial Bi, Taipei, Taiwan

      Yuki Nakamura

    2. Institut de Biologie Environnementale et, Université Aix Marseille, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, Bouches-du-Rhône, France

      Yonghua Li-Beisson

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    Aucoin, H.R., Gardner, J., Boyle, N.R. (2016). Omics in Chlamydomonas for Biofuel Production. In: Nakamura, Y., Li-Beisson, Y. (eds) Lipids in Plant and Algae Development. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 86. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25979-6_18

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