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Carcinoids, GISTs, and Lymphomas of Colon and Rectum

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Abstract

Less common tumors of the colon and rectum include carcinoids, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and gastrointestinal lymphomas. Carcinoids are of neuroectodermal origin and frequently secrete bioactive compounds such as serotonin and histamine. Carcinoids that have metastasized to the liver may cause systemic symptoms referred to the carcinoid syndrome. Treatment of carcinoid tumors is surgical resection; however, the type of resection is dependent on the size and location of the tumor. Adjuvant treatment of carcinoid tumors involves the use of somatostatin analogues. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors occur less frequently in the colon and rectum than in other organs of the intestinal tract, but may be detected during endoscopic evaluation of the colon. Surgical treatment of GISTs also depends on the size and location of the tumor. Adjuvant treatment with imatinib (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that blocks KIT activation) has been shown to reduce the risk of recurrence. The gastrointestinal tract is the most common site of extranodal lymphoma. Treatment typically involves a combination of surgical resection and systemic chemotherapy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Boulevard, Weston, FL, 33331, USA

    David J. Maron M.D., M.B.A.

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  1. David J. Maron M.D., M.B.A.
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Correspondence to David J. Maron M.D., M.B.A. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Colorectal Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Scott R. Steele

  2. Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Tracy L. Hull

  3. Tufts University School of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA

    Thomas E. Read

  4. Ambrose and Gladys Bowyer, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, USA

    Theodore J. Saclarides

  5. University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA

    Anthony J. Senagore

  6. Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA

    Charles B. Whitlow

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Transanal resection of a rectal GIST (Courtesy of Rodrigo Perez, M.D.) (MP4 287,260 kb)

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Maron, D.J. (2016). Carcinoids, GISTs, and Lymphomas of Colon and Rectum. In: Steele, S.R., Hull, T.L., Read, T.E., Saclarides, T.J., Senagore, A.J., Whitlow, C.B. (eds) The ASCRS Textbook of Colon and Rectal Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25970-3_38

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