Abstract
Anal pain is a common complaint. A systematic approach is essential to correctly and efficiently identify the underlying diagnosis. Many diagnoses can be established by patient history alone. The physical examination can confirm diagnostic suspicions. This is supplemented by targeted diagnostic testing when appropriate.
References
Lund JN, Nystrom PO, Coremans G, et al. An evidence-based treatment algorithm for anal fissure. Tech Coloproctol. 2006;10:177–80.
Perry WB, Dykes SL, Buie WD, et al. Practice parameters for the management of anal fissures (3rd revision). Dis Colon Rectum. 2010;53:1110–5.
Rossi DC, Bastaworus AL. Hemorrhoids. In: Bailey HR, Billingham RP, Stamos MJ, Snyder MJ, editors. Colorectal surgey. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2012.
Rivadeneira DE, Steele SR, Ternent C, et al. Practice parameters for the management of hemorrhoids. Dis Colon Rectum. 2011;54:1059–64.
MacRae HM, Temple LK, McLeod RS. A meta-analysis of hemorrhoidal treatments. Semin Colon Rectal Surg. 2002;13:77–83.
Loder PB, Kamm MA, Nicholls RJ, et al. Haemorrhoids: pathology, pathophysiology and aetiology. Br J Surg. 1994;81:946–54.
Guillaumin E, Jeffrey Jr RB, Shea WJ, et al. Perirectal inflammatory disease: CT findings. Radiology. 1986;161:153–7.
Ramanujam PS, Prasad ML, Abcarian H, et al. Perianal abscesses and fistulas. A study of 1023 patients. Dis Colon Rectum. 1984;27:593–7.
Gilliland R, Wexner SD. Complicated anorectal sepsis. Surg Clin North Am. 1997;77:115–53.
Steele SR, Kumar R, Feingold DL, et al. Practice parameters for the management of perianal abscess and fistula-in-ano. Dis Colon Rectum. 2011;54:1465–74.
Bastawrous AL, Cintron JR. Anorectal abscess fistula. In: Cameron J, editor. Current surgical therapy. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby; 2004.
Bastawrous AL, Chaudhry V. Specific pruritus ani. Semin Colon Rectal Surg. 2003;14(4):203–12.
Chaudhry V, Bastawrous AL. Idiopathic pruritus ani. Semin Colon Rectal Surg. 2003;14(4):196–202.
Ternent CA, Bastawrous AL, Morin NA, et al. Practice parameters for the evaluation and management of constipation. Dis Colon Rectum. 2007;50(12):2013.
Hull TL, Milsom JW, Church J, Oakley J, Lavery I, Fazio V. Electrogalvanic stimulation for levator syndrome: how effective is it in the long-term? Dis Colon Rectum. 1993;36(8):731–3.
Klas JV, Rothenberger DA, Wong WD, Madoff RD. Malignant tumors of the anal canal: the spectrum of disease, treatment, and outcomes. Cancer. 1999;85(8):1686–93.
Monson JRT, Weiser MR, Buie WD, et al. Practice parameters for the management of rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum. 2013;56:535–50.
Blumetti J, Bastawrous AL. Epidermoid cancers of the anal canal: current treatment. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2009;22:77–83.
Steele SR, Varma MG, Melton GB, Ross HM, Rafferty JF, Buie WD. Standards Practice Task Force of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons. Practice parameters for anal squamous neoplasms. Dis Colon Rectum. 2012;55(7):735–49.
Ben Amor I, Kassir R, Bachir E, et al. Perforated diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon revealed by a perianal fistula. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2015;8:73–5.
Lengelé B, Scalliet P. Anatomical bases for the radiological delineation of lymph node areas. Part III: Pelvis and lower limbs. Radiother Oncol. 2009;92(1):22–33.
Gretschel S, Warnick P, Bembenek A, et al. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy in epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2008;34(8):890–4.
Gerard JP, Chapet O, Samiei F, et al. Management of inguinal lymph node metastases in patients with carcinoma of the anal canal: experience in a series of 270 patients treated in Lyon and review of the literature. Cancer. 2001;92(1):77–84.
Grimaud JC, Bouvier M, Naudy B, Guien C, Salducci J. Manometric and radiologic investigations and biofeedback treatment of chronic idiopathic anal pain. Dis Colon Rectum. 1991;34(8):690–5.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 ASCRS (American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bastawrous, A.L. (2016). Approach to Anal Pain. In: Steele, S.R., Hull, T.L., Read, T.E., Saclarides, T.J., Senagore, A.J., Whitlow, C.B. (eds) The ASCRS Textbook of Colon and Rectal Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25970-3_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25970-3_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-25968-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-25970-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)