Abstract
Within the last years multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission has reached a lot of attention in the optical fibre community. Theoretically, the concept of MIMO is well understood. However, practical implementations of optical components for mode combining, mode maintenance and mode splitting are in the focus of interest for further computer simulations. That’s why in this contribution the specific impulse responses of the \((2 \times 2)\) MIMO channel, including a 1.4 km and 1.9 km multi-mode fibre respectively and optical couplers at both ends, are measured for operating wavelengths of 1326 nm and 1576 nm. Since pulsed semiconductor diode lasers, capable of working at different wavelengths, are used for the characterization of the underlying optical MIMO channel, inverse filtering is needed for obtaining the respective impulse responses. However, the process of inverse filtering also known as signal deconvolution is critical in noisy environments. That’s why different approaches such as Wiener and parametric filtering are studied with respect to different optimization criteria. Using these obtained impulse responses a baseband MIMO data transmission is modelled. In order to create orthogonal channels enabling a successful transmission, a MIMO zero forcing (ZF) equaliser is implemented and analysed. Our main results given as an open eye-diagram and calculated bit-error rates show the successful implementation of the MIMO transmission system. Finally, for practical investigations regarding mode combining, mode maintenance and mode splitting a \((2 \times 2)\) MIMO testbed using fusion couplers and a multi-mode fibre (MMF) length of 1.9 km is set up for an operating wavelength of 1326 nm. Together with the MIMO receiver-side signal processing the successful transmission of parallel data streams is presented.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Ahrens, A. Lochmann, S.: Optical couplers in multimode MIMO transmission systems: measurement results and performance analysis. In: International Conference on Optical Communication Systems (OPTICS), Reykjavik (Iceland), pp. 398–403 (2013)
Ahrens, A., Schröder, A., Lochmann, S.: Dispersion analysis within a measured 1,4 km MIMO multimode channel. In: International Conference on Optical Communication Systems (OPTICS), Reykjavik (Island), pp. 391–397 (2013)
Amphawan, A., Al Samman, N.M.A: Tiering effect of solid-core photonic crystal fiber on controlled coupling into multimode fiber. In: Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications (SPIE 8847), pp. 88470Y–88470Y-6 (2013)
Gans, W.L.: Calibration and error analysis of a picosecond pulse waveform measurement system at NBS. Proc. IEEE 74(1), 86–90 (1986)
Giles, I., Obeysekara, A.C.R., Giles, D., Poletti, F., Richardson, D.: All fiber components for multimode SDM systems. In: IEEE Summer Topical 2012: Space Division Multiplexing for optical Systems and Networks, pp. 212–213 (2012)
Gu, R., IP, E., Li, M.J., Huang, Y.K., Kahn, J.M.: Experimental demonstration of a spatial light modulator few-mode fiber switch for space-division multiplexing. In: Frontiers in Optics (2013)
Köhnke, H., Schwinkendorf, R., Daase, S., Ahrens, A., Lochmann, S.: Receiver design for an optical MIMO testbed. In: International Conference on Optical Communication Systems (OPTICS), Vienna (Austria) (2014)
Kühn, V.: Wireless Communications over MIMO Channels - Applications to CDMA and Multiple Antenna Systems. Wiley, Chichester (2006)
Nahman, N.S., Guillaume, M.E.: Deconvolution of Time Domain Waveforms in the Presence of Noise. National Bureau of Standards, Boulder (1981). Technical Note 1047
Raleigh, G.G., Cioffi, J.M.: Spatio-temporal coding for wireless communication. IEEE Trans. Commun. 46(3), 357–366 (1998)
Raleigh, G.G., Jones, V.K.: Multivariate modulation and coding for wireless communication. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 17(5), 851–866 (1999)
Richardson, D.J., Fini, J., Nelson, L.: Space division multiplexing in optical fibres. Nat. Photonics 7, 354–362 (2013)
Sandmann, A., Ahrens, A., Lochmann, S.: Signal deconvolution of measured optical MIMO-channels. XV International PhD Workshop OWD 2013, pp. 278–283. Wisla, Poland (2013)
Sandmann, A., Ahrens, A., Lochmann, S.: Experimental description of multimode MIMO channels utilizing optical couplers. In: 15. ITG-Fachtagung Photonische Netze, Leipzig (Germany) (2014)
Singer, A.C., Shanbhag, N.R., Bae, H.-M.: Electronic dispersion compensation- an overwiew of optical communications systems. IEEE Signal Process. Mag. 25(6), 110–130 (2008)
Tse, D., Viswanath, P.: Fundamentals of Wireless Communication. New York, Cambridge (2005)
Vaseghi, S.: Advanced Digital Signal Processing and Noise Reduction, 2nd edn. Wiley, Chichester (2000)
Winzer, P.: Optical networking beyond WDM. IEEE Photonics J. 4, 647–651 (2012)
Acknowledgements
This work has been funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research (No. 03FH016PX3).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Sandmann, A., Ahrens, A., Lochmann, S. (2015). Zero-Forcing Equalisation of Measured Optical Multimode MIMO Channels. In: Obaidat, M., Holzinger, A., Filipe, J. (eds) E-Business and Telecommunications. ICETE 2014. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 554. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25915-4_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25915-4_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-25914-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-25915-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)