Skip to main content

Predicting Implicit Discourse Relations with Purely Distributed Representations

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Chinese Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing Based on Naturally Annotated Big Data (CCL 2015, NLP-NABD 2015)

Abstract

Discourse relations between two consecutive segments play an important role in many natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, a large portion of the discourse relations are implicit and difficult to detect due to the absence of connectives. Traditional detection approaches utilize discrete features, such as words, clusters and syntactic production rules, which not only depend strongly on the linguistic resources, but also lead to severe data sparseness. In this paper, we instead propose a novel method to predict the implicit discourse relations based on the purely distributed representations of words, sentences and syntactic features. Furthermore, we learn distributed representations for different kinds of features. The experiments show that our proposed method can achieve the best performance in most cases on the standard data sets.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Pitler, E., Raghupathy, M., Mehta, H., Nenkova, A., Lee, A., Joshi, A.K.: Easily identifiable discourse relations. In: COLING (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Pitler, E., Louis, A., Nenkova, A.: Automatic sense prediction for implicit discourse relations in text. In: Proceedings of the Joint Conference of the 47th Annual Meeting of the ACL and the 4th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing of the AFNLP, vol. 2, pp. 683–691. Association for Computational Linguistics (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Lin, Z., Kan, M.-Y., Ng, H.T.: Recognizing implicit discourse relations in the penn discourse treebank. In: Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, vol. 1, pp. 343–351. Association for Computational Linguistics (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Zhou, Z.-M., Xu, Y., Niu, Z.-Y., Lan, M., Su, J., Tan, C.L.: Predicting discourse connectives for implicit discourse relation recognition. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Posters. Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 1507–1514 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Louis, A., Joshi, A., Prasad, R., Nenkova, A.: Using entity features to classify implicit discourse relations. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, pp. 59–62. Association for Computational Linguistics (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Biran, O., McKeown, K.: Aggregated word pair features for implicit discourse relation disambiguation. In: Proceedings of the Conference ACL, p. 69 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Park, J., Cardie, C.: Improving implicit discourse relation recognition through feature set optimization. In: Proceedings of the 13th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, pp. 108–112. Association for Computational Linguistics (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Li, J.J., Nenkova, A.: Reducing sparsity improves the recognition of implicit discourse relations. In: 15th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, p. 199 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Rutherford, A.T., Xue, N.: Discovering implicit discourse relations through brown cluster pair representation and coreference patterns. EACL 2014, 645 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Marcu, D., Echihabi, A.: An unsupervised approach to recognizing discourse relations. In: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 368–375. Association for Computational Linguistics (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Saito, M., Yamamoto, K., Sekine, S.: Using phrasal patterns to identify discourse relations. In: Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference of the NAACL, Companion Volume: Short Papers, pp. 133–136. Association for Computational Linguistics (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Wang, W., Su, J., Tan, C.L.: Kernel based discourse relation recognition with temporal ordering information. In: Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 710–719. Association for Computational Linguistics (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Xu, Y., Lan, M., Lu, Y., Niu, Z.Y., Tan, C.L.: Connective prediction using machine learning for implicit discourse relation classification. In: The 2012 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), pp. 1–8. IEEE (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Rutherford, A., Xue, N.: Improving the inference of implicit discourse relations via classifying explicit discourse connectives. In: Proceedings of the 2015 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. Denver, Colorado: Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 799–808, May-June 2015. http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N15-1081

  15. Mikolov, T., Sutskever, I., Chen, K., Corrado, G.S., Dean, J.: Distributed representations of words and phrases and their compositionality. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 3111–3119 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Kim, Y.: Convolutional neural networks for sentence classification (2014). arXiv preprint arXiv:1408.5882

  17. Le, Q.V., Mikolov, T.: Distributed representations of sentences and documents (2014) arXiv preprint. arXiv:1405.4053

  18. Kalchbrenner, N., Grefenstette, E., Blunsom, P.: A convolutional neural network for modelling sentences (2014) arXiv preprint. arXiv:1404.2188

  19. Li, J.J., Nenkova, A.: Addressing class imbalance for improved recognition of implicit discourse relations. In: 15th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue, p. 142 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Levy, O., Goldberg, Y., Dagan, I.: Improving distributional similarity with lessons learned from word embeddings. Trans. Assoc. Comput. Linguist. 3, 211–225 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The research work has been partially funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 61333018 and No. 61402478.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Haoran Li .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.5 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the chapter's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the chapter's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Li, H., Zhang, J., Zong, C. (2015). Predicting Implicit Discourse Relations with Purely Distributed Representations. In: Sun, M., Liu, Z., Zhang, M., Liu, Y. (eds) Chinese Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing Based on Naturally Annotated Big Data. CCL NLP-NABD 2015 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9427. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25816-4_24

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25816-4_24

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-25815-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-25816-4

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics