Abstract
Running in a park, cuddling with a pet and enjoying the views of the mountains or the seaside are common behaviors that define human beings’ affinity for nature. It is this that constitutes the concept of biophilia—human beings’ inherent relationship (or love from “philia”) with the natural environment and other livings. Yet, biophilia goes beyond seemingly superficial interests to denote a human dependency on the natural environment for biological and physical existence. Human beings are part of the global biosphere and source essential resources to live and build our homes, businesses, and communities from nature. We are physically, economically, and socially intertwined with the natural environment for the air we breathe, raw materials we procure, and interactions we seek with other living species.
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Notes
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Biophilia was popularized by Harvard biologist Edward O. Wilson in his book Biophilia (1984) and elaborated thereafter in the The Biophilia Hypothesis (1993) with Yale’s social ecologist, Stephen R. Kellert.
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Studies by Kaplan (1995), Kuo and Sullivan (1998, 2001), and Frumkin (2003) as well as Roger Ulrich’s seminal study “View through a Window May Influence Recovery from Surgery” (Science (1984)), in which hospital patients covering from gallbladder surgery experienced reduced curative times and required less pain medication on account of simple views of trees from their room windows, underscore the value of nature on the human being.
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Attention Restoration Theory asset exposure to nature heightens mental acuity and focus (Kahn 2008) (Rocky Mountain Institute and Carnegie Mellon University 2004).
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Author of 1997 book, Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by Nature.
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Columbia University’s Earth Institute, http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2012/05/09/emissions-from-the-cement-industry/.
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Doris Sung, Ted Talk 2012, http://www.ted.com/talks/doris_kim_sung_metal_that_breathes/transcript?language=en.
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Terrapin Bright Green, LLC (2012), The Economics of Biophilia.
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The Alliance for Excellent Education (2007) estimates that if the students who had dropped out of the class of 2007 had graduated high school, the national economy would have benefited, from an additional $329 billion in income over their lifetimes.
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See research article “Promoting behavioral change towards lower energy consumption in the building sector” (Santiago Fink (2011)).
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Feyisa et al. (2014).
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Tilley et al. (2012).
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Bailkey, M., and J. Nasr. 2000. From Brownfields to Greenfields: Producing Food in North American Cities. Community Food Security News. Fall 1999/Winter 2000.
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Fink, H.S., Kaltenegger, I. (2016). Integration of Mother Nature into Smart Buildings. In: Integration of Nature and Technology for Smart Cities. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25715-0_13
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