Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Wireless Communications and Powering of Implants

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Implantable Medical Electronics

Abstract

Communication and powering facilities augment the capabilities of the implants by providing remote monitoring of therapy and charging of implant batteries to avoid replacement by surgery. At short distances in the range of a few centimeters, inductive links are used. The transference of data and power pose conflicting requirements. These requirements are sometimes fulfilled by using separate coils. The cost is a larger footprint and increased electromagnetic interference. Load-shift keying (LSK) technique is applied for uplink data transmission. Downlink data transmission is implemented by one of the three techniques: binary amplitude-shift keying (BASK), binary frequency-shift keying (BFSK), or binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), with BASK representing the plainest approach. Long-distance telemetry >2 m is restricted to the agreed 402–405 MHz band for therapeutic implants or the industrial, technical, and medicinal/curative radio bands: 902–928 MHz, 2.4–2.4835 GHz, and 5.725–5.875 GHz frequency bands with transmission range up to 10 m.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Galbraith DC, Soma M, White RL (1987) A wide-band efficient inductive transdennal power and data link with coupling insensitive gain. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng BME-34(4):265–275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Buchmann I (2012) Charge medical devices without wires. MED Medical Electronics Design, http://www.medicalelectronicsdesign.com/article/charge-your-medical-devices-without-wires. Accessed 26 July 2014

  3. Chawla N, Tosunoglu S (2012) State of the art in inductive charging for electronic appliances and its future in transportation. In: 2012 Florida conference on recent advances in robotics, Boca Raton, FL, 10–11 May 2012, pp 1–7

    Google Scholar 

  4. Harrison RR (2007) Designing efficient inductive power links for implantable devices. IEEE international symposium on circuits and systems, ISCAS 2007, New Orleans, 27–30 May, pp 2080–2083

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bradley PD (2011) Wireless medical implant technology-recent advances and future developments. In: Proceedings of the ESSCIRC (ESSCIRC), 12–16 Sept, pp 37–41

    Google Scholar 

  6. Si P, Hu AP, Malpas S et al (2008) A frequency control method for regulating wireless power to implantable devices. IEEE Trans Biomed Circ Syst 2(1):22–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Daniluk K, Niewiadomska-Szynkiewicz E (2012) Energy efficient security in implantable medical devices. In: Proceedings of the Federated conference on computer science and information systems, pp 773–778

    Google Scholar 

  8. Wang G, Liu W, Sivaprakasam M et al (2005) Design and analysis of an adaptive transcutaneous power telemetry for biomedical implants. IEEE Trans Circ Syst I Regul Pap 52(10):2109–2117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. IEEE standard for safety levels with respect to human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz: IEEE Std C95.1™-2005. Copyright © 2006 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=1626482. Accessed 26 July 2014

  10. Lazzi G (2005) Thermal effects of bioimplants: power dissipation characteristics and computational methods. IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag 24(5):75–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. DeHennis AD, Wise KD (2005) A wireless microsystem for the remote sensing of pressure, temperature, and relative humidity. J Microelectromech Syst 14(1):12–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Sezen AS (2006) Passive wireless sensing strategies for high frequency biomedical sensing applications. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Minnesota, pp 4–5

    Google Scholar 

  13. Cimirakis D, Demosthenous A (2014) Chapter 2: Design considerations of biomedical telemetry devices. In: Konstantina S. Nikita (ed) Handbook of biomedical telemetry. IEEE Press series on biomedical engineering. Wiley, Hoboken (Sec. 2.3)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ghovanloo M, Atluri S (2008) An integrated full-wave CMOS rectifier with built-in back telemetry for RFID and implantable biomedical applications. IEEE Trans Circ Syst 55(10):3328–3334

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  15. Cirmirakis D, Jiang D, Demosthenous A et al (2012) A fast passive phase shift keying modulator for inductively coupled implanted medical devices. In: Proceedings of the ESSCIRC, 17–21 Sept, Bordeaux, pp 301–304

    Google Scholar 

  16. Xu W, Luo Z, Sonkusale S (2009) Fully digital BPSK demodulator and multilevel LSK back telemetry for biomedical implant transceivers. IEEE Trans Circ Syst II Express Briefs 56(9):714–718

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Karimi M, Sodagar AM, Mofrad ME et al. (2012) Auxiliary-carrier load-shift keying for reverse data telemetry from biomedical implants. 2012 IEEE biomedical circuits and systems conference (BioCAS), Hsinchu, 28–30 Nov 2012, pp 220–223

    Google Scholar 

  18. Zhou L, Donaldson N (2003) A fast passive data transmission method for ENG telemetry. Neuromodulation 6:116–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Kiani M, Ghovanloo M (2013) A 20-Mb/s pulse harmonic modulation transceiver for wideband near-field data transmission. IEEE Trans Circ Syst II Express Briefs 60(7):382–386

    Google Scholar 

  20. Gudnason G (2000) A low-power ASK demodulator for inductively coupled implantable electronics. In: Proceedings of the 26rd European solid-state circuits conference, 19–21 Sept, Stockholm, Sweden, pp 385–388

    Google Scholar 

  21. Yu H, Najafi K (2003) Low-power interface circuits for bio-implantable microsystems. In: IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, San Francisco, CA, 13 Feb, 10 p

    Google Scholar 

  22. Naghmouchi F, Ghorbel M, Hamida, AB et al (2004) CMOS ASK system modulation dedicated to cochlear prosthesis. In: IEEE 1st international symposium on control, communication and signal processing, Hammamet, Tunisia, 21–24 March, pp 267–270

    Google Scholar 

  23. Ghovanloo M, Najafi K (2004) A wideband frequency-shift keying wireless link for inductively powered biomedical implants. IEEE Trans Circ Syst I Regul Pap 51(12):2374–2383

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Sawan M, Hu Y, Coulombe J (2005) Wireless smart implants dedicated to multichannel monitoring and microstimulation. IEEE Circ Syst Mag 5(1):21–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Luo Z, Sonkusale S (2008) A novel BPSK demodulator for biological implants. IEEE Trans Circ Syst I Regul Pap 55(6):1478–1484

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, Rajasthan, India

    Vinod Kumar Khanna

Authors
  1. Vinod Kumar Khanna
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Khanna, V.K. (2016). Wireless Communications and Powering of Implants. In: Implantable Medical Electronics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25448-7_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25448-7_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-25446-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-25448-7

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation