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The Western Indian Ocean: A Wealth of Life-Supporting Ecosystem Goods and Services

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Book cover Estuaries: A Lifeline of Ecosystem Services in the Western Indian Ocean

Part of the book series: Estuaries of the World ((EOTW))

Abstract

The coastal and marine environment of the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) region is one of the least ecologically disturbed in the world. The region is a hot spot of biodiversity hosting over 2,200 species of fish, five species of marine turtles, more than thirty-five marine mammal species, including humpback whales, dolphins, whale sharks and the highly endangered dugong, and the enigmatic coelacanth; a prehistoric fish once thought to be extinct. The region furthermore boasts the longest unfragmented fringing reef in the world, with over 350 species of corals, and a diverse assemblage of coastal forests, mangrove forests and sea grass beds. It is estimated that about 22 per cent of the species found in the WIO region are unique to this region. The ecosystem services provided by this rich marine environment are estimated at over 25 billion US$ per year. At the crossroad between land and sea, the estuarine ecosystems of the region are the gathering point of a number of large river basins, many of which transboundary of nature, and bringing in influence from far away inland. This chapter provides an overview of the key ecological and physical characteristics of the region, setting the background for the deeper analyses presented in the following chapters.

The original version of this chapter was revised. Salif Diop’s affiliation was corrected. The erratum to this chapter is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25370-1_21

An erratum to this chapter can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25370-1_21

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Notes

  1. 1.

    It is noted that these initial estimates originate from a basic economic assessment undertaken as part of the WIO-LaB Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (see section 1.5), and it is believed that the actual value of the WIO marine and coastal environment may be significantly higher, as substantiated by recent estimates of the value of South Africa’s coastal and marine environment, which exceeds 30 billion US$ annually (Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism 2000).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF) Coastal East Africa Initiative, 63117, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

    Peter Scheren

  2. National Academy of Sciences and Techniques – Section of Agricultural Sciences and Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, B.P. 5346, Dakar-Fann, Senegal

    Salif Diop

  3. College of Agricultural Sciences and Fisheries Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, 35064, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

    John Machiwa

  4. Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Studies, The University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK

    Jean-Paul Ducrotoy

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  4. Jean-Paul Ducrotoy
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Correspondence to Peter Scheren .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Academy of Sciences and Techniques – Section of Agricultural Sciences, Universite Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar,National Sciences and Techniques,Academy of,Senegal,, Dakar-Fann, Senegal

    Salif Diop

  2. WWF Coastal East Africa Initiative, Dares Salaam, Tanzania

    Peter Scheren

  3. College of Agricultural Sciences and Fisheries Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

    John Ferdinand Machiwa

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Parts of this chapter are based upon the recently concluded Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis of Land-based Sources and Activities in the Western Indian Ocean (UNEP/Nairobi Convention Secretariat and WIOMSA 2009). In this regard, no use of the Chapter may be made for any commercial purposes without the prior approval of the UNEP/Nairobi Convention Secretariat and WIOMSA.

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Scheren, P., Diop, S., Machiwa, J., Ducrotoy, JP. (2016). The Western Indian Ocean: A Wealth of Life-Supporting Ecosystem Goods and Services. In: Diop, S., Scheren, P., Ferdinand Machiwa, J. (eds) Estuaries: A Lifeline of Ecosystem Services in the Western Indian Ocean. Estuaries of the World. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25370-1_1

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