Abstract
Many arthropod species belonging to the groups of ticks, mites and insects suck blood at the skin of animals and humans, whereby they often transmit accidentally or even cyclically agents of diseases (viruses, bacteria, parasites). In the history of mankind numerous means of protection have been developed reaching from means to achieve active repellency up to chemical acaricides and insecticides. They were summarized in this chapter as basis for the consideration of the efficacy of products eventually included in nanoparticles, which may help to overcome the recently growing resistances of traditional products.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Selected Literature
Amer A, Mehlhorn H (2006a) Larvicidal effects of various essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles and Culex larvae (Diptera, Culicidae). Parasitol Res 99:466–472
Amer A, Mehlhorn H (2006b) Persistency of larvicidal effects of plant oils under different storage conditions. Parasitol Res 99:473–477
Amer A, Mehlhorn H (2006c) Repellency effect of forty-one essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes. Parasitol Res 99:478–490
Amer A, Mehlhorn H (2006d) The sensilla of Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes and their importance in repellency. Parasitol Res 99:491–499
Aspöck H (2010) Sick through arthropods. Denisia 30. Linz
Balczun C, Meiser CK, Schaub GA (2012) Triatomines as vectors of American trypanosomiasis. In: Mehlhorn H (ed) Arthropods as vectors of emerging diseases, vol 3, Parasitology research monographs. Springer, Heidelberg/New York, pp 275–300
Barnard DR (2000) Repellents and toxicants for personal protection: position paper. WHO Global Collaboration for development of pesticides for Public Health (GCD PP). WHO, Geneva
Barnard DR, Bernier UR, Posey KH, Xue RD (2002) Repellency of IR 3535, KBR 3023, para-menthane-3,8-diol, and Deet to black salt marsh mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Everglades National Park. J Med Entomol 39:895–899
Conraths FJ, Eschbaumer M, Freuling C, Gethmann J, Hoffmann B, Kramer M, Probst C, Staubach C, Beer M (2012) Bluetongue disease: an analysis of the epidemic in Germany (2006-2009). In: Mehlhorn H (ed) Arthropods as vectors of emerging diseases, vol 3, Arthropods as vectors of emerging diseasesth edn, Parasitology research monographs. Springer, Heidelberg/New York, pp 103–136
Davis EE (1985) Insect repellents: concepts and their mode of action relative to potential sensory mechanisms in mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 22:237–243
Dobler G, Pfeffer M (2012) Spotted fever rickettsiae and rickettsioses in Germany. In: Mehlhorn H (ed) Arthropods as vectors of emerging diseases, vol 3, Parasitology research monographs. Springer, Heidelberg/New York, pp 361–376
Faulde M (2010) Insektizide, Akarizide und Repellentien. In: Aspöck H (ed) Krank durch Arthropoden (Sick through arthropods). Denisia 30, Landesamt Linz, pp 110–122
Förster M, Gestmann F, Mehlhorn H, Sievert K, Messler S, Neuhausen N, Petersdorf S, Pfeffer K (2012) Flies as vectors of parasites potentially inducing severe diseases in humans and animals. In: Mehlhorn H (ed) Arthropods as vectors of emerging diseases, vol 3, Parasitology research monographs. Springer, Heidelberg/New York, pp 227–254
Frances SP, Van Dung N, Beebe NW, Debboun M (2002) Field evaluation of repellent formulations against daytime and nighttime biting mosquitoes in a tropical rainforest in Northern Australia. J Med Entomol 39:541–544
Gestmann F, Förster M, Mehlhorn H, Sievert K, Messler S, Neuhausen N, Petersdorf S, Pfeffer K (2012) Flies as vectors of microorganisms potentially inducing severe diseases in humans and animals. In: Mehlhorn H (ed) Arthropods as vectors of emerging diseases, vol 3, Parasitology research monographs. Springer, Heidelberg/New York, pp 195–226
Gupta B, Reddy BPN (2013) Fight against dengue in India: progresses and challenges. Parasitol Res 112:1367–1378
Kampen H, Kronefeld M, Werner D (2012) Culicid vectors of disease agents in Europe. In: Mehlhorn H (ed) Arthropods as vectors of emerging diseases, vol 3, Parasitology research monographs. Springer, Heidelberg/New York, pp 301–328
Konradsen F, van der Hoek W, Cole DC et al (2003) Reduce acute poisoning in developing countries. Toxicology 192:249–261
Koren G, Matsui D, Bailey B (2003) DEET-based insect repellents: safety implications for children and pregnant and lactating women. Can Med Assoc J 169:2009–2013
Legrum W (2011) Riechstoffe zwischen Gestank und Duft. Vieweg and Teubner Publishers, Wiesbaden
Liu Y, Feng N (2015) Nanocarriers for the delivery of active ingredients and fractions extracted from natural products used in traditional Chinese medicine. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 221:60–75
Lorz PM, Towae FK, Enke W et al (2007) Phthalic acid and derivates. In: Ullmann’s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim
Mehlhorn H (ed) (2012a) Arthropods as vectors of emerging diseases, vol 3, Parasitology research monographs. Springer, Heidelberg/New York
Mehlhorn H (2012b) In: Mehlhorn H (ed) Arthropods as vectors of emerging diseases, vol 3, Parasitology research monographs. Springer, Heidelberg/New York, pp 301–328
Mehlhorn H (ed) (2015) Encyclopedia of parasitology, 4th edn. Springer, Heidelberg/New York
Mehlhorn H, Schmahl G, Schmidt J (2005) Extract of the seeds of the plant Vitex agnus castus proven to be highly efficacious as a repellent against ticks, fleas, mosquitoes and biting flies. Parasitol Res 95:363–365
Naucke TJ, Lorentz S, Gruenewald HW (2006) Laboratory testing of the insect repellents IR 3535 and DEET against Phlebotomus mascitti and P. duboscqui. Int J Med Microbiol 296(Suppl 40):230–232
Nentwig G (2003) Use of repellents as prophylactic agents. Parasitol Res 90:S40–S48
Perrotey S, Madulo-Leblond G, Pesson B (2002) Laboratory testing of the insect repellent KBR 3023 against Phlebotomus duboscqui (Diptera: Psychodidae). Parasitol Res 88:712–713
Petney TN, Skuballa J, Muders M, Pfäffle M, Zetlmeisl C, Oehme R (2012) The changing distribution patterns of ticks (Ixodidae) in Europe in relation to emerging tick-borne diseases. In: Mehlhorn H (ed) Arthropods as vectors of emerging diseases, vol 3, Parasitology research monographs. Springer, Heidelberg/New York, pp 151–166
Rai M, Kon K, Ingle A et al (2014) Broad spectrum bioactivities of silver nanoparticles: the emerging trends and future prospects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 98:1951–1961
Reuveni H, Yagupski P (1982) Diethyltoluamide-containing repellent: adverse effects in worldwide use. Arch Dermatol 118:582–589
Schaub GA, Kollien A, Balczun C (2012) Lice as vectors of bacterial diseases. In: Mehlhorn H (ed) Arthropods as vectors of emerging diseases, vol 3, Parasitology research monographs. Springer, Heidelberg/New York, pp 255–274
Semmler M, Abdel-Ghaffar F, Al-Rasheid KAS, Mehlhorn H (2011) Comparison of the repellent efficacy of chemical and biological products originating from Europe and the USA. Parasitol Res 108:899–904
Smallegange RC, Qiu YT, van Loon JJ, Takken W (2005) Synergism between ammonia, lactic acid and carboxylic acids as kairomones in the host seeking behavior of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae sensu strictu. Chem Senses 30:145–152
Sonenshine DE (1991, 1992) Biology of ticks, vols. 1, 2. Oxford University Press, New York
Stanhope J, Carver S, Weinstein P (2015) The risky business of being an entomologist: a systematic review. Environ Res 140:618–633
Steinbrecht RA (1996) Structure and function of insect olfactory sensilla. In: Bock GR, Cardow G (eds) Olfaction in mosquito-host interactions. Wiley, London
Stinecipher J, Shaw J (1997) Percutaneous permeation of N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) from commercial mosquito repellents and the effect of solvent. J Toxicol Environ Health 52:119–127
Sutcliffe JP (1994) Sensory bases of attractancy of olfactory sensilla. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 10:309–315
Tenebein M (1987) Severe toxic reactions and death following ingestion of diethyltoluamide-containing insect repellents. JAMA 258:1509–1516
Thawara U, Tawatsin A, Chompooseri J et al (2001) Laboratory and field evaluations of the insect repellents IR 3535 and DEET against mosquitoes in Thailand. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 17:190–195
Xi BW, Zhong JY, Xie J, Pan LK et al (2013) Evaluation of boric acid sugar baits against Aedes albopictus in tropical environments. Parasitol Res 112:1575–1582
Yap HH, Jahangir K, Chong AS et al (1998) Field efficacy of a new repellent, KBR 3023, against Aedes albopictus (SKUSE) and Culex quinquefasciatus (SAY) in a tropical environment. J Vector Ecol 23:62–68
Yap HH, Jahangir K, Zairi J (2001) Field efficacy of four repellent products against vector mosquitoes in a tropical environment. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 16:241–244
Zacharuk RY (1985) Antenna and sensilla. In: Kerkut GA, Gilbert LI (eds) Comprehensive insect physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology, vol 6. Pergamon, Oxford, pp 1–69
Zhao Z, Li Y, Xie MB (2015) Silk fibronin-base nanoparticles for drug delivery. Int J Mol Sci 16:4880–4903
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mehlhorn, H. (2016). Available Means to Control Bloodsucking Ticks, Mites and Insects – An Overview. In: Mehlhorn, H. (eds) Nanoparticles in the Fight Against Parasites. Parasitology Research Monographs, vol 8. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25292-6_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25292-6_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-25290-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-25292-6
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)