Skip to main content

Listeria monocytogenes: A Dangerous and Insidious Pathogen in Seafood

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Microbes in Food and Health

Abstract

L. monocytogenes is the bacterium that causes an infection known as listeriosis. Although rare, the disease has an important impact, with a mortality rate of 20–30 % among groups such as immunocompromised individuals, the elderly, infants and pregnant women. Contaminated seafood products are among the foods that cause the transmission of listeriosis, which occurs primarily by consuming infected food. Refrigerated ready-to-eat fish products such as smoked salmon and semi-preserved fish, in particular, are the foods in which L. monocytogenes is most commonly found.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ahmed FE (1991) Seafood safety. National Academy Press, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrighetto C, Lombardi A, Ferrati M, Guidi A, Corrain C, Arcangeli G (2009) Lactic acid bacteria biodiversity in Italian marinated seafood salad and their interactions on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes. Food Control 20:462–468

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aureli P (2001) Tossinfezioni da L. monocytogenes, S. aureus e B. cereus. Microb Med 16(1):72–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Bille J, Blanc DS, Schmid H, Boubaker K, Baumgartner A, Siegrist HH, Tritten ML, Lienhard R, Berner D, Anderau R, Treboux M, Ducommun JM, Malinverni R, Genné D, Erard P, Waespi U (2006) Outbreak of human listeriosis associated with tomme cheese in Northwest Switzerland, 2005. EuroSurveill 11(6):pii=633. http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=633

  • Brett MSY, Short P, McLaughlin J (1998) A small outbreak of listeriosis associated with smoked mussels. Int J Food Microbiol 43:223–229

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brillet A, Pilet MF, Prevost H, Bouttefroy A, Leroi F (2004) Biodiversity of Listeria monocytogenes sensitivity to bacteriocin-producing Carnobacterium strains application in sterile cold-smoked salmon. J Appl Microbiol 97:1029–1037

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caplice E, Fitzgerald GF (1999) Food fermentations: role of microorganisms in food production and preservation. Int J Food Microbiol 50:131–149

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CDC - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011) Multistate outbreak of listeriosis associated with Jensen Farms cantaloupe-United States, August-September 2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 60(39):1357–1358

    Google Scholar 

  • CDC - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013) Vital signs: listeria illnesses, deaths, and outbreaks—United States, 2009-2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 62(22):448–452

    Google Scholar 

  • Colburn KG, Kaysner CA, Abeyta C, Wekell MM (1990) Listeria species in a California coast estuarine environment. Appl Environ Microbiol 56:2007–2011

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Commission Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005 of 15 November 2005 on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs

    Google Scholar 

  • Commission Regulation (EC) No 1441/2007 of 5 December 2007 amending Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005 on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs

    Google Scholar 

  • Cornu M, Beafort A, Rudelle S, Laloux L, Bergis H, Miconnet N, Serot T, Delignette-Muller ML (2006) Effect of temperature, water-phase salt and phenolic contents on Listeria monocytogenes growth rates on cold-smoked salmon and evaluation of secondary models. Int J Food Microbiol 106:159–168

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Croonenberghs RE (2000) Contamination of shellfish-growing water. In: Martin RE, Carter EP, Flick GJ Jr, Davis LM (eds) Marine & freshwater products handbook. Technomic Publishing, Lancaster, PA, pp 665–693

    Google Scholar 

  • Cruz Z, Lauzon HL, Arboleya JC, Nuin M, Martínez de Marañón I, Amarita F (2006) Antimicrobial effect of chitosan on micro-organisms isolated from fishery product. In: Luten JB, Jacobsen C, Bekaert K, Sæbø A, Oehlenschlager J (eds) Seafood research from fish to dish: quality, safety and processing of wild and farmed fish. Academic Publishers, Wageningen, pp 387–393

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalgaard P (1997) Predictive microbiological modelling and seafood quality. In: Luten J, Børresen T, Oehlenschlâger J (eds) Seafood from producer to consumer, integrated approach to quality. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 431–443

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalgaard P, Jørgensen LV (1998) Predicted and observed growth of Listeria monocytogenes in seafood challenge tests and in naturally contaminated cold-smoked salmon. Int J Food Microbiol 40:105–115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dalgaard P (2009) Seafood Spoilage and Safety Predictor (SSSP), http://sssp.dtuaqua.dk/, National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU Aqua). Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark

  • De Cesare A, Manfreda G (2002) Use of the automated ribotyping for epidemiological investigations. Ann Microbiol 52:181–190

    Google Scholar 

  • De Cesare A, Manfreda G, Macrì M, Cantoni C (2006) Application of automated ribotyping to support the evaluation of the Listeria monocytogenes source in a Taleggio producing plant and to predict the risk human health linked to the accidental sale of contaminated cheese. Archivio Veterinario Italiano 57:231–240

    Google Scholar 

  • Degnan AJ, Kaspar CW, Otwell WS, Tamplin ML, Luchansky JB (1994) Evaluation of lactic acid bacterium fermentation products and food-grade chemicals to control Listeria monocytogenes in blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) meat. Appl Environ Microbiol 60:3198–3203

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Destro MT (2000) Incidence and significance of Listeria in fish and fish products from Latin America. Int J Food Microbiol 62:191–196

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Valk H, Vaillant V, Jacquet C, Rocourt J, Le Querrec F, Stainer F, Quelquejeu N, Pierre O, Pierre V, Desenclos JC, Goulet V (2001) Two consecutive nationwide outbreaks of Listeriosis in France, October 1999–February 2000. Am J Epidemiol 154:944–950

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Di Bonaventura F, Piccolomini R, Paludi D, D'orio V, Vergara A, Conter M, Ianieri A (2008) Influence of temperature on biofilm formation by Listeria monocytogenes on various food-contact surfaces: relationship with motility and cell surface hydrophobicity. J Appl Microbiol 104:1552–1561

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dillon R, Patel T, Ratnam S (1992) Prevalence of Listeria in smoked fish. J Food Prot 55:866–870

    Google Scholar 

  • Doyle ME, Mazzotta AS, Wang T, Wiseman DW, Scott VN (2001) Heat resistance of Listeria monocytogenes. J Food Prot 64:410–429

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duffes F (1999) Improving the control of Listeria monocytogenes in cold smoked salmon. Trends Food Sci Technol 10:211–216

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • EFSA (2013) Analysis of the baseline survey on the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in certain ready-to-eat foods in the EU, 2010-2011 Part A: Listeria monocytogenes prevalence estimates. EFSA J 11(6):3241

    Google Scholar 

  • Embarek PKB, Huss HH (1993) Heat resistance of Listeria monocytogenes in vacuum packaged pasteurized fish fillets. Int J Food Microbiol 20:85–95

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Embarek PKB (1994) Presence, detection and growth of Listeria monocytogenes in seafoods: a review. Int J Food Microbiol 23:17–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Faber JM, Peterkin PI (1991) Listeria monocytogenes, a food-borne pathogen. Microbiol Rev 55:476–511

    Google Scholar 

  • Faber JM, Daley EM, Mackie MT, Limerick B (2000) A small outbreak of listeriosis potentially linked to the consumption of imitation crab meat. Lett Appl Microbiol 31:100–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Favretti M, Barco L, Capello K, Cereser A (2009) Listeria monocytogenes: tecniche di sub-tipizzazione. ODV 30:12–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Franciosa G, Tartaro S, Wedell-Weergaard C, Aureli P (2001) Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes strains involved in invasive and noninvasive listeriosis outbreaks by PCR-based fingerprinting techniques. Appl Environ Microbiol 67:1793–1799

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuchs RS, Nicolaides L (1994) Incidence of Listeria in hot- and cold-smoked fish. Lett in Appl Microbiol 19:394–396

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gambarin P, Magnabosco C, Losio MN, Pavoni E, Gattuso A, Arcangeli G, Favretti M (2012) Int J of Microbiol 2012, 497635. doi:10.1155/2012/497635, 10 pages

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gandhi M, Chikindas ML (2007) Listeria: a foodborne pathogen that knows how to survive. Int J Food Microbiol 113:1–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garrido V, Vitas AI, Garcìa-Jalòn I (2009) Survey of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat products: prevalence by brands and retail establishments for exposure assessment of listeriosis in Northern Spain. Food Control 20(11):986–991

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gasanov U, Hughes D, Hansbro PM (2005) Methods for the isolation and identification of Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes: a review. FEMS Microbiol Rev 29:851–875

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldfine H, Shen H (2007) Listeria monocytogenes, pathogenesis and host response. Springer, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Gombas DE, Chen Y, Clavero RS, Scott VN (2003) Survey of Listeria monocytogenes in ready to eat foods. J Food Prot 66:559–569

    Google Scholar 

  • Gudmundsdóttir S, Roche SM, Kristinsson KG, Kristjánsson M (2006) Virulence of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from humans and smoked salmon, peeled shrimp, and their processing environments. J Food Prot 69(9):2157–2160

    Google Scholar 

  • Handa S, Kimura B, Takahashi H, Koda T, Hisa K, Fujii T (2005) Incidence of Listeria monocytogenes in raw seafood products in Japanese retail stores. J Food Prot 68(2):411–415

    Google Scholar 

  • Herrera FC, Santos JA, Otero A, García-López ML (2006) Occurrence of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in retail prepackaged portions of marine fish in Spain. J Appl Microbiol 100(3):527–536, http://sssp.dtuaqua.dk/

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hudson JA, Mott SJ (1993) Growth of Listeria monocytogenes, Aeromonas hydrophila and Yersinia enterocolitica on cold-smoked salmon under refrigeration and temperature abuse. Food Microbiol 10:61–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huss HH (2003) FAO fisheries technical paper no. 444. Assessment and management of seafood safety and quality FAO, Roma

    Google Scholar 

  • ISO 11290-1:1996/Amd 1 2004 Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs—horizontal method for the detection and enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes—Part 1: Detection method

    Google Scholar 

  • ISO 11290-2:1998/Amd 1 2004 Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs—horizontal method for the detection and enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes—Part 2: Enumeration method

    Google Scholar 

  • Jadhav S, Bhave M, Palombo EA (2012) Methods used for the detection and subtyping of Listeria monocytogenes. J Microbiol Methods 88(3):327–341

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jay MJ, Loessner JM, Golden AD (2009) Microbiologia degli alimenti. Springer, Milano

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Jemmi T, Keusch A (1992) Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes during processing and storage of experimentally contaminated hot-smoked trout. Int J Food Microbiol 15:339–346

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen KA, Ethelberg S, Smith B, Møller Nielsen E, Larsson J, Mølbak K, Christensen JJ, Kemp M (2010) Substantial increase in listeriosis, Denmark 2009. Euro Surveill 15(12): pii=19522. http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=19522

  • Jørgensen LV, Huss HH (1998) Prevalence and growth of Listeria monocytogenes in naturally contaminated seafood. Int J Food Microbiol 42:127–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kadam SR, den Besten HM, van der Veen S, Zwietering MH, Moezelaar R, Abee T (2013) Diversity assessment of Listeria monocytogenes biofilm formation: impact of growth condition, serotype and strain origin. Int J Food Microbiol 165(3):259–264

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kathariou S (2002) Listeria monocytogenes virulence and pathogenicity, a food safety perspective. J Food Protect 65:1811–1829

    Google Scholar 

  • Kérouanton A, Marault M, Petit L, Grout J, Dao TT, Brisabois A (2010) Evaluation of a multiplex PCR assay as an alternative method for Listeria monocytogenes serotyping. J Microbiol Methods 80(2):134–137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lennon D, Lewis B, Mantell C, Becroft D, Dove B, Farmer K, Tonkin S, Yeates N, Stamp R, Mickleson K (1984) Epidemic perinatal listeriosis. Pediatr Infect Dis 3:30–34

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu D (2006) Identification, subtyping and virulence determination of Listeria monocytogenes, an important food borne pathogen. J Med Microbiol 55:645–659

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mackey BM, Bratchell N (1989) A review. The heat resistance of Listeria monocytogenes. Lett Appl Microbiol 9:89–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maijala R, Lyytikäinen O, Johansson T, Autio T, Haavisto L, Honkanen-Buzalski T (2001) Exposure of Listeria monocytogenes within an epidemic caused by butter in Finland. Int J Food Microbiol 70(1–2):97–109

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Medina M, Cabeza MC, Bravo D, Cambero I, Montiel R, Ordóñez JA, Nuñez M, Hoz L (2009) A comparison between E-beam irradiation and high pressure treatment for cold-smoked salmon sanitation: microbiological aspects. Food Microbiol 26(2):224–227. doi:10.1016/j.fm.2008.10.007

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mejlholm O, Dalgaard P (2007) Modelling and predicting the growth boundary of Listeria monocytogenes in lightly preserved seafood. J Food Prot 70:70–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Mejlholm O, Dalgaard P (2009) Development and validation of an extensive growth and growth boundary model for Listeria monocytogenes in lightly preserved and ready to eat shrimps. J Food Prot 72:2132–2143

    Google Scholar 

  • Mejlholm O, Gunvig A, Borgaard C, Blom-Hanssen J, Mellefont L, Ross T, Leroi F, Else T, Visser D, Dalgaard P (2009) Predicting growth and growth boundary of Listeria monocytogenes- an international validation study with processed meat and seafood. Int J Food Microbiol 141:137–150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meloni D, Galluzzo P, Mureddu A, Piras F, Griffiths M, Mazzette R (2009) Listeria monocytogenes in RTE foods marketed in Italy: prevalence and automated EcoRI ribotyping of the isolates. Int J Food Microbiol 129(2):166–173. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.11.014

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mereghetti L, Quentin R, Marquet-Van der Mee N, Audurier A (2000) Low sensitivity of Listeria monocytogenes to quaternary ammonium compounds. Appl Environ Microbiol 66(11):5083–5086

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miettinen MK, Siitonen A, Heiskanen P, Haajanen H, Björkroth KJ, Korkeala HJ (1999) Molecular epidemiology of an outbreak of febrile gastroenteritis caused by Listeria monocytogenes in cold-smoked rainbow trout. J Clin Microbiol 37(7):2358–2360

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miettinen H (2006) Listeria monocytogenes in fish farming and processing Academic dissertation. Department of food and environmental hygiene, Faculty of veterinary medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland

    Google Scholar 

  • Miya S, Takahashi H, Ishikawa T, Fujii T, Kimura B (2010) Risk of Listeria monocytogenes contamination of raw ready-to-eat seafood products available at Retail Outlets in Japan. Appl Environ Microbiol 76:3383–3386. doi:10.1128/AEM.01456-09

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monfort P, Minet J, Rocourt J, Piclet G, Cormier M (1998) Incidence of Listeria spp., in Breton live shellfish. Lett Appl Microbiol 26:205–208

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mu D, Huang YW, Gates KW, Wu WH (1997) Effect of trisodium phosphate on Listeria monocytogenes attached to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and shrimp (Penaeus spp.) during refrigerated storage. J Food Saf 17:37–46

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura H, Takakura K, Sone Y, Itano Y, Nishikawa Y (2013) Biofilm formation and resistance to benzalkonium chloride in Listeria monocytogenes isolated from a fish processing plant. J Food Prot 76(7):1179–1186. doi:10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-225

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neetoo H, Ye M, Che H (2008) Potential antimicrobials to control Listeria monocytogenes in vacuum-packaged cold smoked salmon pate and fillets. Int J Food Microbiol 123:220–227

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicholas R, Dunton P, Tatham A, Fielding L (2013) The effect of ozone and open air factor on surface-attached and biofilm environmental Listeria monocytogenes. J Appl Microbiol 115:555–564

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nykanen A, Weckman K, Lapvetelainen A (2000) Synergistic inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes on cold-smoked rainbow trout by nisin and sodium lactate. Int J Food Microbiol 61:63–72

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson L (1999) Growth control of Listeria monocytogenes on cold-smoked salmon using a competitive lactic acid bacteria flora. J Food Prot 62:336–342

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson L, Chen Y, Chikindas ML, Huss HH, Gram L, Montville TJ (2000) Carbon dioxide and nisin act synergistically on Listeria monocytogenes. Appl Environ Microbiol 66:769–774

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norton DM, Scarle JM, Horton K, Sue D, Thimothe J, Boor KJ, Wiedmann M (2001) Characterization and pathogenic potential of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from the smoked fish industry. Appl Environ Microb 67:646–653

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ozer NP, Demirci A (2006a) Inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes inoculated on raw salmon filets by pulsed UV-light treatment. Int J Food Sci and Technol 41:354–360

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ozer NP, Demirci A (2006b) Electrolysed oxidizing water treatment for decontamination of raw salmon inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes. J Food Eng 72:234–241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pagadala S, Parveen S, Rippen T, Luchansky JB, Call JE, Tamplin ML, Porto-Fett ACS (2012) Prevalence, characterization and sources of Listeria monocytogenes in blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) meat and blue crab processing plants. Food Microbiol 31(2):263–270

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pontello M, Guaita A, Sala G, Cipolla M, Gattuso A, Sonnessa M, Gianfranceschi MV (2012) Listeria monocytogenes serotypes in human infections (Italy, 2000-2010). Ann Ist Super Sanità 48(2):146–150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramaswamy V, Cresence VM, Rejitha JS et al (2007) Listeria—review of epidemiology and pathogenesis. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 40:4–13

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rocourt J, Jacquet C, Reilly A (2000) Epidemiology of human listeriosis and seafoods. Int J Food Microbiol 62:197–209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rørvik LM, Caugant DA, Yndestad M (1995) Contamination pattern of Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. in a salmon slaughterhouse and smoked salmon processing plant. Int J Food Microbiol 25:19–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rørvik LM (2000) Listeria monocytogenes in the smoked salmon industry. Int J Food Microbiol 62:183–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ross T, Dalgaard P, Tienungoon S (2000) Predictive modelling of the growth and survival of Listeria in fishery products. Int J Food Microbiol 62:231–245

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schiavo A (1996) Listeria in fish products with particular reference to smoked fish. Ing Alim 4:20–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Soni KA, Nannapaneni R (2010) Removal of Listeria monocytogenes biofilms with bacteriophage P100. J Food Prot 73(1):32–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Suslow T, Harris L (2000) Guidelines for control of Listeria monocytogenes in small to medium scale packaging and fresh-cut operations. http://anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu/pdf/8015.pdf

  • Swaminathan B, Gerner-Smidt P (2007) The epidemiology of human listeriosis. Microbes Infect 9(10):1236–1243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tham W, Ericsson H, Loncarevic S, Unnerstad H, Danielsson-Tham ML (2000) Lessons from an outbreak of listeriosis related to vacuum-packed gravad and cold-smoked fish. Int J Food Microbiol 62:173–175

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Torlack E, Sert D (2013) Combined effect of benzalkonium chloride and ultrasound against Listeria monocytogenes biofilm on plastic surface. Lett Appl Microbiol 57:220–226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • USFDA (1987) A brief description of bacteria in the FDA surveillance program. Rockwille, MD, pp 10–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Valderrama Solano AC, de Rojas Gante C (2012) Two different processes to obtain antimicrobial packaging containing natural oils. Food Bioprocess Technol 5:2522–2528

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valderrama VB, Cutter CN (2013) An ecological perspective of Listeria monocytogenes biofilms in food processing facilities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 53(8):801–817. doi:10.1080/10408398.2011.561378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yde M, Botteldoorn N, Bertrand S, Collard JM, Dierick K (2010) Microbiological and molecular investigation of an increase of human listeriosis in Belgium, 2006-2007. Eurosurveill 15(6):pii=19482. http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=19482. Accessed 10 June 2011

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michela Favretti .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Favretti, M., Pezzuto, A., Arcangeli, G. (2016). Listeria monocytogenes: A Dangerous and Insidious Pathogen in Seafood. In: Garg, N., Abdel-Aziz, S., Aeron, A. (eds) Microbes in Food and Health. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25277-3_17

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics