Abstract
The history of the Theory of Relativity is a very interesting subject, which is discussed in detail in many texts. In this chapter, we will refer only to the main events that led to the establishment of the Special Theory. These events will be presented initially in a concise manner in chronological order, while the more important of them will be described in more detail in the rest of the chapter.
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Notes
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With the exception of one experiment! D.C. Miller reported [Rev. Mod. Phys. 5, 203 (1933)] results of his experiments that lasted for a decade and showed a speed of the Earth relative to the aether equal to about 10 km/s. R.S. Shankland, S.W. McCuskey, F.C. Leone and G. Kuerty [“New analysis of the interferometric observations of Dayton C. Miller”, Rev. Mod. Phys. 27, 167 (1955)] showed that Miller’s results were due to statistical fluctuations and variations in local temperature and that his results actually agree with those of the other researchers.
References
E.T. Whittaker, A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity. Vol. 1: The Classical Theories (2nd ed. 1951), Vol. 2: The Modern Theories 1900–1926, (Nelson, London, 1953). A. Pais, ‘Subtle is the Lord…’ The Science and the Life of Albert Einstein (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1982). O. Darrigol, Electrodynamics from Ampère to Einstein (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 2000)
G. Galilei, Dialogue Concerning the Two Main World Systems—Ptolemaic and Copernican, (1632). Passage quoted in V.A. Ugarov, Special Theory of Relativity (MIR Publishers, Moscow, 1979), p. 20
J. Bradley, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. 35, 637 (1729). See also: A. Stewart, The Discovery of Stellar Aberration. Scientific American 210(3), 100 (1964)
T. Tomson, History of the Royal Society, (London, 1812), p. 346
J. Mitchel, Phil. Trans. 74, 35 (1784)
F. Arago, Compt. Rend. 8, 326 (1839); 36, 38 (1853)
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A presentation of the main methods of measurement, up to about 1960, is given in: R.S. Longhurst, Geometrical and Physical Optics (Longmans, London, 1964), Chap. 24
A.J. Fresnel, Annls Chim. Phys. 9, 57 (1818)
H. Fizeau, C.r. hebd. Seanc. Acad. Sci., Paris, 33, 349 (1851)
H. Fizeau, Annln. phys. Chem. 3, 457 (1853)
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A.A. Michelson, Am. J. Sci. 22, 20 (1881)
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O. Lodge, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 184, 727 (1893)
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W. Kaufmann, Göttingen Nach. 2, 143 (1901)
M. Abraham, Annln. Phys. 10, 105 (1903)
H.A. Lorentz, Proc. Acad. Sci. Amsterdam 6, 809 (1904). Reprinted in the book: A. Einstein, H.A. Lorentz, H. Weyl, H. Minkowski, The Principle of Relativity (Methuen and Co, London, 1923. Also, Dover Publications, New York, 1952)
A.H. Bucherer, Ann. d. Phys. 28, 513 (1909)
C.E. Guye, C. Lavanchy, Compt. Rend. 161, 52 (1915)
H.A. Lorentz, Versuch einer Theorie der electrischen und optischen Erscheinungen in bewegten Korpern (E.J. Brill, Leiden, 1895)
J. Larmor, Aether and Matter (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1900)
H.A. Lorentz, Electromagnetic phenomena in a system moving with any velocity less than that of light. Proc. Acad. Sci., Amsterdam, 6, 809 (1904). Also the collection of original publications: A. Einstein, H.A. Lorentz, H. Minkowski, H. Weyl, The Principle of Relativity (Methuen and Co, London, 1923. Also Dover Publications, New York, 1952)
H. Poincaré, Sur la dynamique de l’electron. C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, 140, 1504 (1905)
H. Poincaré, Bull. des Sc. Math. 28, 302 (1904)
A. Einstein, Ann. d. Phys. 17, 891 (1905). The English translation of the article “On the electrodynamics of moving bodies”, can be found in the book: A. Einstein, H.A. Lorentz, H. Minkowski, H. Weyl, The Principle of Relativity (Methuen and Co, London, 1923. Also, Dover Publications, New York, 1952) which consists of a collection of original publications
For more on the subject see e.g. V.A. Ugarov, Special Theory of Relativity (MIR Publishers, Moscow, 1979), p. 345
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Christodoulides, C. (2016). Historical Introduction. In: The Special Theory of Relativity. Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25274-2_1
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