Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Eurocode-Compliant Seismic Analysis and Design of R/C Buildings pp 59–168Cite as

Design of R/C Buildings to EC8-1: A Critical Overview

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 1199 Accesses

Part of the book series: Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering ((GGEE,volume 38))

Abstract

This chapter provides practical recommendations for the preliminary seismic design and the finite element modeling of reinforced concrete (r/c) building structures assumed to behave linearly. It also discusses and provides commentary on structural seismic analysis methods adopted by Eurocode 8 (EC8). Specifically, the main principles of conceptual design for achieving well-qualified lateral load-resisting structural systems for earthquake resistance are briefly reviewed. Further, capacity design rules and local detailing practices for enhanced ductility capacity in r/c buildings are presented. Different types of structural analysis methods commonly employed in code-compliant seismic design of structures are outlined and focus is given to the EC8-prescribed equivalent linear analysis methods for forced-based seismic design, namely, the lateral force method and the modal response spectrum method. In this context, the EC8-compatible seismic design loading combinations and the EC8 design spectrum for elastic analysis are also presented. Moreover, the most commonly used finite element modeling practices for linear analysis of r/c multi-storey buildings are detailed, including the modeling of floor slabs, frames, planar walls, cores, and footings resting on compliant soil. Finally, brief comments are included on the proper use and quality verification of commercial seismic design software using benchmark structural analysis and design example problems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   149.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Anastassiadis K, Avramidis IE, Panetsos P (2002) Concurrent design forces in structures under three-component orthotropic seismic excitation. Earthq Spectra 18:1–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anastassiadis K, Avramidis IE, Athanatopoulou AM (2003) Critical comments on Eurocode 8, Draft nο.5, Part I, Sections 3 and 4. fib symposium on concrete structures in seismic regions, 6–8 May, Athens/Greece

    Google Scholar 

  • Antoniou S, Pinho R (2002) Advantages and limitations of adaptive and non adaptive force-based pushover procedures. J Earthq Eng, ATC and EPPO 8:497–522

    Google Scholar 

  • Applied Technology Council (ATC) (1996) Seismic evaluation and retrofit of concrete buildings, ATC-40, Redwood City

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnold C (2001) Architectural considerations. In: Naeim F (ed) The Seismic Design Handbook, 2nd edn. Kluwer Academic Services, Boston, pp 275–326

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnold C (2006) Seismic issues in architectural design. Designing for earthquakes. A manual for architects. FEMA 454/Dec 2006, risk management series. NEHRP, Oakland, CA, pp 1–54

    Google Scholar 

  • ASCE (2007) ASCE/SEI standard 41–06, seismic rehabilitation of existing buildings. American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston

    Google Scholar 

  • Athanatopoulou AM, Avramidis IE (2008) Evaluation of EC8 provisions concerning the analysis of spatial building structures using two planar models. 5th Eurropean workshop on the seismic behaviour irregular complex structure, Catania, Italy, pp 285–297

    Google Scholar 

  • Athanatopoulou AM, Doudoumis IN (2008) Principal directions under lateral loading in multistorey asymmetric buildings. Struct Des Tall Spec Build 17:773–794. doi:10.1002/tal

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Avramidis IE (1991) Zur Kritik des äquivalenten Rahmenmodells für Wandscheiben und Hochhauskerne. DIE BAUTECHNIK 68:275–285

    Google Scholar 

  • Avramidis IE, Manolis GD, Andreadakis MG (1995) PADEX – a preliminary antiseismic design expert system. In: Pahl PJ, Werner H (eds) Computing civil building engineering. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 215–220

    Google Scholar 

  • Avramidis IE, Anastassiadis K, Athanatopoulou A, Morfidis K (2005) Benchmark numerical examples to support correct application of the Greek anti-seismic code and facilitate control of professional software (in Greek). Aivazis Editions, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Google Scholar 

  • Berrais A (2005) A knowledge-based expert system for earthquake resistant design of reinforced concrete buildings. Expert Syst Appl 28:519–530

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bisch P, Carvalho E, Degee H, Fajfar P, Fardis M, Franchin P, Kreslin M, Pecker A, Pinto P, Plumier A, Somja H, Tsionis G (2012) Eurocode 8: seismic design of buildings worked examples, JRC technical report. Publications Office of the European Union/Joint Research Centre, Luxembourg

    Google Scholar 

  • Borri A, Vignoli A (1984) Micro-computer-aided design: a critical discussion of the reliability of programs of current use. In: Proceedings of the international conference on engineering software microcomputing. Pineridge Press, Swansea, pp 239–250

    Google Scholar 

  • CEN (2002) European Standard EN1990. Eurocode 0: basis of structural design. Committee for Standarization. Brussels

    Google Scholar 

  • CEN (2004) European Standard EN 1998-1. Eurocode 8: design of structures for earthquake resistance, Part 1: general rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings. Committee for Standarization. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels

    Google Scholar 

  • Chemuturi M (2010) Software quality assurance: best practices, tools and techniques for software developers. J. Ross Publishing, Fort Lauderdale

    Google Scholar 

  • Chopra AK (2007) Dynamics of structures—theory and applications to earthquake engineering, 3rd edn. Pearson, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River

    Google Scholar 

  • Chopra AK, Goel RK (2002) A modal pushover analysis procedure for estimating seismic demands for buildings. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 31:561–582. doi:10.1002/eqe.144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Stefano M, Pintucchi B (2010) Predicting torsion-induced lateral displacements for pushover analysis: influence of torsional system characteristics. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 39:1369–1394

    Google Scholar 

  • Doudoumis IN, Athanatopoulou AM (2001) Code provisions and analytical modeling for the in-plane flexibility of floor diaphragms in building structures. J Earthq Eng 5:565–594

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO) (2000a) Greek seismic code (EAK2000) (amended in 2003), Athens, Greece (in Greek)

    Google Scholar 

  • Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO) (2000b) Greek reinforced concrete code (ΕΚΟΣ2000), Athens, Greece (in Greek)

    Google Scholar 

  • Elghazouli A (2009) Seismic design of buildings to Eurocode 8. Spon Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Elnashai AS (2001) Advanced inelastic static (pushover) analysis for earthquake applications. Struct Eng Mech 12:51–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elwood KJ, Matamoros AB, Wallace JW, Lehman DE, Heintz JA, Mitchell AD, Moore MA, Valley MT, Lowes NL, Comartin CD, Moehle JP (2007) Update to ASCE/SEI 41 concrete provisions. Earthq Spectra 23:493–523

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fajfar P (2000) A nonlinear analysis method for performance-based seismic design. Earthq Spectra 16:573–592

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fajfar P, Marusic D, Peru I (2005) Torsional effects in the pushover-based seismic analysis of buildings. J Earthq Eng 9:831–854

    Google Scholar 

  • Fardis MN (2009) Seismic design, assessment and retrofit of concrete buildings, based on Eurocode 8. Springer, Dordrecht

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Fardis MN, Carvalho E, Fajfar P, Pecker A (2014) Seismic design of concrete buildings to Eurocode 8. CRC Press, New York/Weiler

    Google Scholar 

  • FEMA (2000) Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings FEMA-356. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • FEMA (2005) Improvement of nonlinear static seismic analysis procedures FEMA-440. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Fintel M (1991) Shear walls – an answer for seismic resistance? Concr Int 13:48–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Fintel M (1995) Performance of buildings with shear walls in earthquakes of the last thirty years. PCI J 40:62–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giaralis A, Spanos PD (2009) Wavelet-based response spectrum compatible synthesis of accelerograms—Eurocode application (EC8). Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 29:219–235. doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2007.12.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giardini D, Woessner J, Danciu L, Crowley H, Cotton F, Grünthal G, Pinho R, Valensise G, Consortium S (2013) SHARE European seismic hazard map for peak ground acceleration, 10% exceedance probabilities in 50 years. doi:10.2777/30345

  • Gifford JB (1987) Microcomputers in civil engineering – use and misuse. J Comput Civ Eng ASCE 1:61–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goel RK, Chopra AK (2005) Role of higher-“mode” pushover analyses in seismic analysis of buildings. Earthq Spectra 21:1027–1041. doi:10.1193/1.1851547

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta AK, Singh MP (1977) Design of column sections subjected to three components of earth-quake. Nucl Eng Des 41:129–133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kappos AJ (2002) Dynamic loading and design of structures. Spon Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Kappos AJ, Sextos AG (2001) Effect of foundation compliance on the lateral load response of R/C bridges. J Bridg Eng 6:120–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katsanos EI, Sextos AG (2013) ISSARS: an integrated software environment for structure-specific earthquake ground motion selection. Adv Eng Softw 58:70–85. doi:10.1016/j.advengsoft.2013.01.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katsanos EI, Sextos AG, Elnashai AS (2014) Prediction of inelastic response periods of buildings based on intensity measures and analytical model parameters. Eng Struct 71:161–177. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.04.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krawinkler H, Seneviratna GDPK (1998) Pros and cons of a pushover analysis of seismic performance evaluation. Eng Struct 20:452–464. doi:10.1016/S0141-0296(97)00092-8

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindeburg MR, McMullin KM (2014) Seismic design of building structures: a Professional’s introduction to earthquake forces and design details. Professional Publications Inc, Belmont

    Google Scholar 

  • Lurie PM, Wells BD (1988) Computer-assisted mistakes. J Civ Eng 58(12):78–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyu MR (1996) Handbook of software reliability engineering. IEEE Computer Society Press/McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Mac Leod ΙΑ (1995) Modern structural analysis – modelling process and guidance. Thomas Telford Ltd, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Mac Leod ΙΑ, Hosny HM (1977) Frame analysis of shear wall cores. J Struct Div ASCE 103:2037–2047

    Google Scholar 

  • MacLeod (1977) Analysis of shear wall buildings by the frame method. Proc Inst Civ Eng 55:593–603

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacLeod IA (1990) Analytical modelling of structural systems. Ellis Horwood, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Makarios TK, Anastassiadis K (1998) Real and fictitious elastic axis of multi-storey buildings: theory. Struct Des Tall Spec Build 7:33–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mander JBJB, Priestley MJN, Park R (1988) Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete. J Struct Eng ASCE 114:1804–1826

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manoukas GE, Athanatopoulou AM, Avramidis IE (2011) Static pushover analysis based on an energy-equivalent SDOF system. Earthq Spectra 27:89–105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manoukas GE, Athanatopoulou AM, Avramidis IE (2012) Multimode pushover analysis for asymmetric buildings under biaxial seismic excitation based on a new concept of the equivalent single degree of freedom system. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 38:88–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marusic D, Fajfar P (2005) On the inelastic seismic response of asymmetric buildings under biaxial excitation. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 34:943–963

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGregor JG, Hage SE (1977) Stability analysis and design of concrete frames. J Struct Div ASCE 103:1953–1970

    Google Scholar 

  • McGuire RK (1995) Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and design earthquakes: closing the loop. Bull Seismol Soc Am 85:1275–1284

    Google Scholar 

  • Melosh RJ, Utku S (1988) Verification tests for computer-aided structural analysis. microcomputers in civil engineering, vol 3, pp 289–297

    Google Scholar 

  • Menun CA, Der Kiureghian A (1998) A replacement for the 30%, 40%, and SRSS rules for multicomponent seismic analysis. Earthq Spectra 14:153–163. doi:10.1193/1.1585993

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mills HD, Dyer M, Linger RC (1987) Cleanroom software engineering. IEEE Softw 4:19–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morfidis K, Avramidis IE (2002) Formulation of a generalized beam element on a two-parameter elastic foundation with semi-rigid connections and rigid offsets. Comput Struct 80:1919–1934

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paglietti A, Porcu MC, Pittaluga M (2011) A loophole in the Eurocode 8 allowing for non-conservative seismic design. Eng Struct 33:780–785

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paraskeva TS, Kappos AJ (2010) Further development of a multimodal pushover analysis procedure for seismic assessment of bridges. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 39:211–222. doi:10.1002/eqe

    Google Scholar 

  • Paraskeva TS, Kappos AJ, Sextos AG (2006) Extension of modal pushover analysis to seismic assessment of bridges. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 35:1269–1293. doi:10.1002/eqe.582

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park S, Mosalam KM (2009) Shear strength models of exterior beam-column joints without transverse reinforcement. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center report. University of California, Berkeley, 2009/106

    Google Scholar 

  • Penelis GG, Kappos AJ (1997) Earthquake-resistant concrete structures. E & FN Spon, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Penelis GG, Penelis GG (2014) Concrete buildings in seismic regions. CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, London

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Pixley RA, Ridlon SA (1984) How to check out an engineering computer program. In: Proceedings of the 3rd conference computing in civil engineering. American Society of Civil Engineering (ASCE), San Diego, CA, pp 583–593

    Google Scholar 

  • Priestley MJN, Calvi GM, Kowalsky MJ (2007) Displacement based seismic design. Building 23:1453–1460. doi:10.1016/S0141-0296(01)00048-7

    Google Scholar 

  • Sextos AG, Nasiopoulos G, Katityzoglou K, Avramidis IE (2008) Benchmark numerical examples for dimensioning r/c structures according to the codes. In: Proceedings of the 3rd panhellenic conference earthquake engineering and engineering seismology, Technical Chamber of Greece & Hellenic Society for Earthquake Engineering, 5–7 November, Athens, Greece

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheikh SA, Uzumeri SM (1982) Strength and ductility of tied concrete columns. J Struct Div ASCE 106:1079–1102

    Google Scholar 

  • Smebby W, Der Kiureghian A, Smeby W (1985) Modal combination rules for multicomponent earthquake excitation. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 13:1–12. doi:10.1002/eqe.4290130103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stafford-Smith B, Girgis A (1984) Simple analogous frames for shear wall analysis. J Struct Eng ASCE 110:2655–2666

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stavely A (1999) Toward zero-defect programming. Addison-Wesley, Reading

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsonos AG (2007) Cyclic load behaviour of reinforced concrete beam-column subassemblages of modern structures. ACI Struct J 194(4):468–478

    Google Scholar 

  • Villaverde R (2009) Fundamental concepts of earthquake engineering. CRC Press, New York/Weiler

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson E, Suharwardy I, Habibulah A (1995) A clarification of the orthogonal effects in a three-dimensional seismic analysis. Earthq Spectra 11:659–666

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xenidis H, Athanatopoulou AM, Avramidis IE (1993) Modeling of shear wall cores under earthquake loading using equivalent frames, 21–23 June 1993, 01-910. EURODYN’93, 2nd European conference on structural dynamics, Trondheim, Norway, pp 901–910

    Google Scholar 

  • Xenidis H, Morfidis K, Avramidis IE (2000) Modeling of two-cell cores for three-dimensional analysis of multi-story buildings. Struct Des Tall Build 9:343–363

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Ioannis Avramidis & Asimina Athanatopoulou

  2. Institute of Engineering Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Konstantinos Morfidis

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

    Anastasios Sextos

  4. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Anastasios Sextos

  5. Department of Civil Engineering, City University London, London, UK

    Agathoklis Giaralis

Authors
  1. Ioannis Avramidis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Asimina Athanatopoulou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Konstantinos Morfidis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Anastasios Sextos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Agathoklis Giaralis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Avramidis, I., Athanatopoulou, A., Morfidis, K., Sextos, A., Giaralis, A. (2016). Design of R/C Buildings to EC8-1: A Critical Overview. In: Eurocode-Compliant Seismic Analysis and Design of R/C Buildings. Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering, vol 38. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25270-4_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation