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Dark Respiration and Organic Carbon Loss

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The Physiology of Microalgae

Part of the book series: Developments in Applied Phycology ((DAPH,volume 6))

Abstract

The dark respiratory pathways of eukaryotic microalgae are generally similar to those of other eukaryotes. Differences include the Entner-Douderoff pathway replacing the Emden-Meyer-Parnas pathway of glycolysis in diatom plastids, the presence of an alternative pathway from 2-oxoglutarate to succinate in the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle in Euglena and cyanobacteria, and the constitutive replacement in dinoflagellates of the H+-pumping Complex I in the inner mitochondrial membrane by a matrix NADH –UQ oxidoreductase that does not pump H+. All of these alternative pathways have a lower energetic efficiency than the mechanisms they replace. Widespread among microalgae is the mitochondrial alternate oxidase that facultatively replaces H+-pumping Complexes III and IV with a non-energy conserving pathway. More remains to be established on, for example, the H+:electron ratio and H+:ATP ratios in mitochondrial reactions in algae, and hence the energetic efficiency of ATP synthesis in oxidative phosphophorylation. The main functions of respiration are growth processes, converting photosynthate and exogenous inorganic nutrients into cell material using ATP, NADPH and C skeleton manipulations, and maintenance using ATP. For both processes ATP and NADPH can also be supplied in the light by thylakoid reactions although the extent of dark respiratory processes (other the C skeleton manipulations) is still uncertain. Dissolved organic C loss occurs in algae, though there is net organic C entry in osmo-chemorganotrophic growth. While some functions of dissolved organic molecules lost from cells are known, more remains to be established on the magnitude and role of this loss in photolithotrophic relative to phago-chemorganotrophic and phagomixotrophic growth.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Wherever possible the currently accepted names for species are used. The name used in the paper cited is also indicated. For details of names see chapter “Systematics, Taxonomy and Species Names: Do They Matter?” of this book (Borowitzka 2016).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Plant Biology, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK

    John A. Raven

  2. Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia

    John A. Raven

  3. School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia

    John Beardall

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  1. School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Algae R&D Centre, Murdoch, West Australia, Australia

    Michael A. Borowitzka

  2. School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

    John Beardall

  3. Division of Plant Biology, University of Dundee at the James Hutton, Dundee, United Kingdom

    John A. Raven

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Raven, J.A., Beardall, J. (2016). Dark Respiration and Organic Carbon Loss. In: Borowitzka, M., Beardall, J., Raven, J. (eds) The Physiology of Microalgae. Developments in Applied Phycology, vol 6. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24945-2_6

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