Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Nonlinear Dynamics: Materials, Theory and Experiments pp 59–69Cite as

Nonlinear Dynamics of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers: Deterministic Chaos and Random Number Generation

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:

  • 1121 Accesses

Part of the book series: Springer Proceedings in Physics ((SPPHY,volume 173))

Abstract

We report on chaotic polarization fluctuations generated from a free-running vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, and investigate in details the VCSEL dynamics and its potential application. We provide new experimental evidences of asymmetrical behaviour of VCSEL polarization dynamics, and show that considering a slight misalignment of the anisotropies of the laser cavity allows to reproduce these dynamics numerically. Finally, we propose a simple scheme for random bit generation exploiting polarization chaos , and experimentally demonstrate a 100 Gbps random generation rate.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. K.D. Choquette, R.P. Schneider, K.L. Lear, R.E. Leibenguth, Gain-dependent polarization properties of vertical-cavity lasers. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. Electron 1, 661 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. I. Kanter, Y. Aviad, I. Reidler, E. Cohen, M. Rosenbluh, An optical ultrafast random bit generator. Nat. Photon 4, 58 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. G. Marsaglia, DieHard: A Battery of Tests of Randomness. Technical Report (State University, Florida, 1996)

    Google Scholar 

  4. J. Martin-Regalado, F. Prati, M. San Miguel, N.B. Abraham, Polarization properties of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. IEEE J. Quant. Electron 33, 765 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  5. T. Mikami, K. Kanno, K. Aoyama, A. Uchida, T. Ikeguchi, T. Harayama, P. Davis, Estimation of entropy rate in a fast physical random-bit generator using a chaotic semiconductor laser with intrinsic noise. Phys. Rev. E 85, 016211 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. L. Olejniczak, K. Panajotov, H. Thienpont, M. Sciamanna, A. Mutig, F. Hopfer, D. Bimberg, Polarization switching and polarization mode hopping in quantum dot vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. Opt. Express 19, 2476 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  7. N. Oliver, M.C. Soriano, D.W. Sukow, I. Fischer, Fast random bit generation using a chaotic laser: approaching the information theoretic limit. IEEE J. Quant. Electron 49, 910 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. K. Panajotov, F. Prati, Polarization Dynamics of VCSELs. in VCSELs, ed. R. Michalzik (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  9. A. Rukhin, J. Soto, J. Nechvatal, M. Smid, E. Barker, S. Leigh, M. Levenson, M. Vangel, D. Banks, A. Heckert, J. Dray, S. Vo, A Statistical Test Suite for Random and Pseudorandom Number Generators for Cryptographic Applications–Special Publication 800-22 Rev1a, Technical Report (National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2010)

    Google Scholar 

  10. M. San Miguel, Q. Feng, J.V. Moloney, Light-polarization dynamics in surface-emitting semiconductor lasers. Phys. Rev. A 52, 1728 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  11. M. Sciamanna, K.A. Shore, Physics and applications of laser diode chaos. Nat. Photon 9, 151-162 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. M. Sondermann, T. Ackemann, S. Balle, J. Mulet, K. Panajotov, Experimental and theoretical investigations on elliptically polarized dynamical transition states in the polarization switching of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. Opt. Commun. 235, 421 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. M. Travagnin, Linear anisotropies and polarization properties of vertical-cavity surface-emitting semiconductor lasers. Phys. Rev. A 56, 4094 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. A. Uchida, K. Amano, M. Inoue, K. Hirano, S. Naito, H. Someya, I. Oowada, T. Kurashighe, M. Shiki, S. Yoshimori, K. Yoshimura, P. Davis, Fast physical random bit generation with chaotic semiconductor lasers. Nat. Photon 2, 728 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. M. Virte, K. Panajotov, H. Thienpont, M. Sciamanna, Deterministic polarization chaos from a laser diode. Nat. Photon 7, 6065 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  16. M. Virte, K. Panajotov, M. Sciamanna, Bifurcation to nonlinear polarization dynamics and chaos in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. Phys. Rev. A 87, 013834 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. M. Virte, M. Sciamanna, E. Mercier, K. Panajotov, Bistability of time-periodic polarization dynamics in a free-running VCSEL. Opt. Express 22, 6772 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. M. Virte, E. Mercier, H. Thienpont, K. Panajotov, M. Sciamanna, Physical random bit generation from chaotic solitary laser diode. Opt. Express 22, 17271 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. M. Virte, E. Mirisola, M. Sciamanna, K. Panajotov, Asymmetric dwell-time statistics of polarization chaos from free-running VCSEL. Opt. Lett. 40, 18651868 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  20. M.B. Willemsen, M.U.F. Khalid, M.P. van Exter, J. Woerdman, P Polarization switching of a vertical-cavity semiconductor laser as a Kramers hopping problem. Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4815 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. T. Yamazaki, A. Uchida, Performance of random number generators using noise-based super-luminescent diode and chaos-based semiconductor lasers. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. Electron 19, 0600309 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Brussels Photonics Team (B-Phot), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussel, Belgium

    Martin Virte, Hugo Thienpont & Krassimir Panajotov

  2. OPTEL Research Group, LMOPS EA-4423, CentraleSupelec - Universite de Lorraine, 2 rue Edouard, F-57070, Belin, France

    Marc Sciamanna

  3. Institute of Solid State Physics, 72 Tzarigradsko Blvd., Sofia, Bulgaria

    Krassimir Panajotov

Authors
  1. Martin Virte
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Marc Sciamanna
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hugo Thienpont
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Krassimir Panajotov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Martin Virte .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Physique des systèmes dynamiques, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

    Mustapha Tlidi

  2. Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Marcel. G. Clerc

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Virte, M., Sciamanna, M., Thienpont, H., Panajotov, K. (2016). Nonlinear Dynamics of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers: Deterministic Chaos and Random Number Generation. In: Tlidi, M., Clerc, M. (eds) Nonlinear Dynamics: Materials, Theory and Experiments. Springer Proceedings in Physics, vol 173. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24871-4_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation