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Contemporary Demographic Transformations in China, India and Indonesia pp 309–323Cite as

The Past Three Population Censuses: A Deepening Ageing Population in Indonesia

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Part of the book series: Demographic Transformation and Socio-Economic Development ((DTSD,volume 5))

Abstract

This paper highlights a deepening ageing population in Indonesia between 1990 and 2010, a period which witnessed political change from an authoritarian regime to a democratizing one. This transition brought a drastic shift in population policy, with much weaker family planning programmes than during the authoritarian regime. Our assessment from the population censuses suggests that the proportion of the population aged 60 years and above rose from 6.3 % in 1990 to 7.6 % in 2010, corresponding to an increase from 11.3 million to 18 million over 20 years. The growth rate of older persons for this period is well above that of the general population, 4.7 % vs 2.9 % annually.

This paper also shows a large variation in the age structure of the sub-national population. The structure at the national level remains heavily affected only by changes in fertility and mortality. However, changes at sub-national levels, particularly district level, have also been determined by migration.

The censuses also depict a significant improvement in educational attainment of older persons. The proportion without schooling decreased to 31.6 % in 2010 from 58.5 % in 1990. Over the same period, participation of the elderly in the labour market rose from 48.1 to 51.2 %.

The original version of this chapter was revised: The affiliations of the authors Evi Nurvidya Arifin and Aris Ananta were corrected. The erratum to this chapter is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24783-0_23

An erratum to this chapter can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24783-0_23

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Notes

  1. 1.

    On replacement migration, see United Nations (2001).

  2. 2.

    The 2010 census provides a higher fertility estimate than the earlier census. This rise, if confirmed for Yogyakarta and other Javanese provinces, may slow down the ageing process in Central Java and East Java. See the chapter on fertility in this volume.

  3. 3.

    We use 15–59 years as an older person in Indonesia is defined as those age 60 years old and over.

  4. 4.

    This, of course, is a study of only one village, and the findings need to be assessed against the finding reported earlier (from Arifin et al. 2012) that transfers from children or children-in-law were the primary source of financial support for more than half of older women.

  5. 5.

    Detailed discussion on the issue of financing the older persons is beyond the scope of this chapter. Readers can for example refer to Ananta (2012).

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Ageing Studies, University of Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia

    Evi Nurvidya Arifin

  2. Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia

    Aris Ananta

Authors
  1. Evi Nurvidya Arifin
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  2. Aris Ananta
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Evi Nurvidya Arifin .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut de Recherche pour le Développem, Paris, France

    Christophe Z. Guilmoto

  2. School of Demography, Australian National University, Canberra, West Australia, Australia

    Gavin W. Jones

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Arifin, E.N., Ananta, A. (2016). The Past Three Population Censuses: A Deepening Ageing Population in Indonesia. In: Guilmoto, C., Jones, G. (eds) Contemporary Demographic Transformations in China, India and Indonesia. Demographic Transformation and Socio-Economic Development, vol 5. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24783-0_20

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24783-0_20

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-24781-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-24783-0

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