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Techniques to Study Microbial Phytohormones

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Bacterial Metabolites in Sustainable Agroecosystem

Part of the book series: Sustainable Development and Biodiversity ((SDEB,volume 12))

Abstract

Soil is replete with microscopic life such as bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, protozoa and algae. Microscopic life tends to reside in the rhizosphere of the soil and interact with plants. A microbial–plant interaction occurs due to the microbial ability to produce phytohormones regarded as the “classical five,” which are auxin, gibberellin, cytokinins, ethylene and abscisic acid. In addition to these modulators, jasmonic and salicylic acid are also documented as bacterial hormones contributing to a sustainable agro system. Auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins are known to be produced by Azospirillum species. Auxin production in fungus such as Pistolithus tinctorius leads to promotion of plant growth and different bacterial species show effect on root length by increasing the surface area and induction of gall and tumor formations. Gibberellins are tetracyclic diterpenoid acids that are involved in a number of developmental, reproduction and floral formation in plants, while plant growth promotion and induction of tumor and gall formation are done by cytokinins. Pseudomonas solanacearum, Mycobacterium hiemalis and largely spore forming bacteria have shown to form ethylene in culture. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a stress-related signaling molecule reported in all kingdoms of life such as plant-associated bacteria, plant pathogenic fungi, certain cyanobacteria, algae, lichens, protozoa and sponges. Salicylic acid is synthesized by the fungus P. patulum and it is an effective therapeutic agent for plants. SA plays a role in plant response during biotic and abiotic stress. It also regulates physiological and biochemical processes during the plant lifespan. Jasmonic acid is a signaling molecule involved in plant defense reported to be produced by fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae. However, despite the significant research pursued in this area, there are limited reports suggesting strategies that focus on the production, extraction and detection of microbial phytohormones. Here, the present review focuses on the techniques used for isolation and purification of these phytohormones.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, P.D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, 388421, Anand, Gujarat, India

    Keyur Patel & Janki Thakker

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, St. Xavier’s College, Ahmedabad, 38009, Gujarat, India

    Dweipayan Goswami

  3. Ashok and Rita Patel Institute of Integrated Study and Research in Biotechnology and Allied Sciences, ADIT Campus, New Vidyangar, Anand, 388121, Gujarat, India

    Pinakin Dhandhukia

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  1. Keyur Patel
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  2. Dweipayan Goswami
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  3. Pinakin Dhandhukia
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  4. Janki Thakker
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  1. Dept Botany & Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar (Uttarakhand), India

    Dinesh K. Maheshwari

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Patel, K., Goswami, D., Dhandhukia, P., Thakker, J. (2015). Techniques to Study Microbial Phytohormones. In: Maheshwari, D. (eds) Bacterial Metabolites in Sustainable Agroecosystem. Sustainable Development and Biodiversity, vol 12. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24654-3_1

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