Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed a dramatic shift in the extent and focus of concerns about Jewish life on campus. The Jewish community is increasingly occupied with the education of the next generation and the rise of anti-Semitism and anti-Israel sentiment on campus. Outreach to Jewish students—from the expansion of Hillel and Chabad to the flourishing of Birthright Israel, as well as the growth of Jewish and Israel Studies—have engaged formerly uninvolved students with Jewish education and Jewish life. This article describes the situation on campus: the proportion of Jewish students, Israel-related activity, and perceptions of anti-Semitism. It discusses academic programs such as Jewish and Israel Studies and informal programs, such as Hillel and Chabad, that engage students in Jewish life. It also describes organizations and programs, both experiential and advocacy-oriented, that help students identify and combat attempts to delegitimize Israel and intimidate Jewish expression.
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Notes
- 1.
According to Cousens, “Hillel’s strategic planning process included the largest ever student survey of randomly selected Jewish undergraduate and graduate students conducted by pollsters Penn, Schoen and Berland, Inc. (PSB). PSB had emailed 500,000 individuals and screened for Jewish by religion or ethnicity. This produced 603 responses (502 undergraduates and 101 graduate students). Cousens does not report how the email list was constructed.
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Weinberg surveyed undergraduates from 4-year colleges and universities “from across the country,” using university student lists and cell phone lists purchased from private firms. He over-sampled for Jewish (300) and Muslim (150) students and had 1400 total respondents.
- 8.
The survey was conducted by Public Opinion Strategies, but the report does not discuss the sampling frame or response rate except to say that there were 800 respondents and that Jewish students were oversampled to produce 400 Jewish student responses and 400 from non-Jewish students.
- 9.
Kosmin and Keysar used a non-probability sampling frame based on Distinctive Jewish Names (DJNs). No information is provided about how many invitations were emailed, the response rate, etc. Such information is critical for understanding the potential for bias and the utility of the findings.
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“Engagement” has become the buzzword of campus student groups and is used to refer to developing identity, knowledge, and attachment to Judaism, Jewish life, and Israel.
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Private interview with Avi Weinstein, Director of Administration, Chabad on Campus International, January 20, 2015.
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These numbers are taken from annual reports and an interview with the director of operations of Chabad on Campus.
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http://www.ajsnet.org/programs.php. See also Chap. 10a in this volume for a listing of Judaic Studies programs.
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The authors are grateful to Steven M. Cohen for graciously sharing a draft of this publication.
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These statistics were collected from the fraternity and sorority national websites.
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The distancing hypothesis suggests that younger Jews are further from Israel emotionally than are older Jews.
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Acknowledgment
We are grateful to our colleagues at the Cohen Center for Modern Jewish Studies: to Ashley Perry and Brandon Pinsker for research assistance; to Charles Kadushin, Matthew Boxer, Janet Krasner Aronson, Ted Sasson, and Shahar Hecht for critical feedback and suggestions; and to Deborah Grant for editing the final document. We also wish to thank Mark Rosen and Steven Cohen for sharing early drafts of their research, Mitchell Bard (American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise) for his critical feedback, and Scott Brown (Hillel International), Etay Shisgal (Israel on Campus Coalition), Avi Weinstein (Chabad on Campus), and Ben Einsidler, Gilad Skolnik, and Samantha Rose Mandales (Camera) for agreeing to be interviewed for this chapter.
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Appendix
Appendix
Israel organizations on campus
Organization | Website | Number of groups on campus | Student fellowships or internships | Goal | Other programs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AIPAC | Diamond internships/other seminars | Advocacy | NGAUGE – “a system of connected online communities for pro-Israel campus activists” | ||
Americans for Peace Now | Advocacy | Spring internships, speakers bureau | |||
Christians United for Israel (CUFI) | 140 chapters plus 163 campuses with other presence | Advocacy | DC summit, Israel advocacy mission, student advocacy, and leadership training | ||
Hasbara Fellowships | Hasbara fellowships | Advocacy | Planning and programming grants, social media initiatives | ||
Israel Institute | Summer internships | Advocacy | Year-long internships to graduates, doctoral and post-doctoral fellowships, research grants | ||
Israel on Campus Coalition (ICC) | Grinspoon morningstar fellowship | Advocacy | Solidarity grants, research on anti-Israel activity, research, academic network to mentor students | ||
J Street U | 59 | For students already in Israel spring semester, | Advocacy | Congressional Internship program, J Street and J Street U office internships | |
Middle East Forum/Campus Watch | 6 | Unpaid internships – onsite and remote | Advocacy | Provides resources: logistical advice, seed funding, materials, and speakers for campus groups | |
StandWithUs | Emerson fellowship | Advocacy | Guidance to existing student groups, campus campaigns | ||
The David Project | 32 | Advocacy | Professional campus coordinators, programming grants | ||
The Israel Project | Tower tomorrow fellowship | Advocacy | Israel tours Tower magazine | ||
ZOA | Student leadership mission to Israel | Advocacy | Student leadership mission to Israel, Regional campus coordinators | ||
American–Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE) | Advocacy | Jewish Virtual Library, BDS Cookbook | |||
AEPi | 126 chapters, 16 colonies | Aish-AEPi Israel trip | Advocacy/engagement | ||
Students for Israel | Advocacy/engagement | Local student clubs such as Bruins for Israel at UCLA, Texans for Israel at UT, and Huskies for Israel at Northeastern University, etc. | |||
Students Supporting Israel | 34 | Advocacy/engagement | |||
Chabad | Engagement | IsraeLinks | |||
Hillel International | 550 | Masa Israel Journey internships | Engagement | Houses many pro-Israel organizations | |
Israel Campus Roundtable | Engagement | Boston area trips to Israel, resources, IACT coordinators local and national, and gateway to other opportunities | |||
Jewish Agency for Israel (JAFI) | http://www.jewishagency.org/shlichim-israeli-emissaries/program/291 | Engagement | Israel Fellows Program; Israel Engaged Campus Pilot Program | ||
Jewish National Fund (JNF) | http://www.jnf.org/work-we-do/our-projects/education/college.html | JNF Campus Fellowship Program | Experience | Plant your way to Israel, Caravan for Democracy, Caravan for Democracy Mission, alternative spring break | |
Masa | Experience | Grants for long-term Israel experiences | |||
Onward Israel | Internships | Experience | Grants for 6- to 10-week Israel experiences | ||
Birthright Israel | Experience | ||||
Scholars for Peace in the Middle East (SPME) | Advanced scholars | Faculty network | |||
Tamid | 24 | Tamid Fellowship (8 week summer internship in Israel) | Investment group | ||
Anti-Defamation League (ADL) | Advocacy Mission; Student Advocacy and Leadership Training | Other | Handbooks on responding to anti-Semitism, Words to Action education program, anti-bias workshops, campus leaders mission to Israel | ||
Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America (CAMERA) | 54 | CAMERA fellowship | Truth in media | Advocacy trip to Israel, Less Hamas more Hummus, student leadership and advocacy training conference |
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Koren, A., Saxe, L., Fleisch, E. (2016). Jewish Life on Campus: From Backwater to Battleground. In: Dashefsky, A., Sheskin, I. (eds) American Jewish Year Book 2015. American Jewish Year Book, vol 115. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24505-8_2
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