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Alterations in DNA Methylation and Hydroxymethylation Due to Parental Care in Rhesus Macaques

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Epigenetics and Neuroendocrinology

Part of the book series: Epigenetics and Human Health ((EHH))

Abstract

Early life is one of the most important and sensitive periods during the development of an individual. During this stage, the body and especially the brain are known to be greatly responsive to environmental cues, such as the early social environment. As a consequence, early life adverse social experiences in humans are associated with a wide range of health problems in adulthood. The broad range of phenotypes associated with early life stress (ELS) suggests a system-wide response of the organism, which is yet to be determined. In the last decade, increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms underlie the effects of ELS on adult human health. However, there are critical challenges in delineating the direct effects of ELS on epigenetic profiles and phenotypes in human studies. It is impossible to randomize ELS and rare are the studies where complete information about past environmental insults is available, which would allow us to conclude on causality. Nonhuman primates offer several advantages in addressing these challenges. This chapter focuses on parental deprivation models in rhesus macaques which have been shown to produce an array of behavioral, physiological, and neurobiological deficits that parallel those identified in humans subjected to ELS. It describes the evidence for epigenetic alterations induced by differential rearing in this model and points out the differences between tissue-specific versus multi-tissue changes and outlines possible mechanisms for these to occur. In addition, it highlights the need for multi-omics longitudinal studies to better understand the epigenetic trajectories induced by ELS exposure and their impact on adult health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany

    Nadine Provencal

  2. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Renaud Massart & Zsofia Nemoda

  3. UMR7216 Epigenetics and Cell Fate, CNRS, F-75205, Paris Cedex 13, France

    Renaud Massart

  4. Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

    Zsofia Nemoda

  5. Laboratory of Comparative Ethology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Stephen Suomi

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  1. Nadine Provencal
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  2. Renaud Massart
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  3. Zsofia Nemoda
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  4. Stephen Suomi
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Correspondence to Nadine Provencal .

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  1. Translational Res. in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Bayern, Germany

    Dietmar Spengler

  2. Translational Res. in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Bayern, Germany

    Elisabeth Binder

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Provencal, N., Massart, R., Nemoda, Z., Suomi, S. (2016). Alterations in DNA Methylation and Hydroxymethylation Due to Parental Care in Rhesus Macaques. In: Spengler, D., Binder, E. (eds) Epigenetics and Neuroendocrinology. Epigenetics and Human Health. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24493-8_7

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