Special Constructions

Abstract

In the preceding chapters we discuss various specific constructions such as intersections, tangencies, projections and the like involving lines, circular curves, and spirals. In civil engineering, however, there are certain configurations or assemblies of geometric elements that would require the invocation of several of the procedures that have been presented in the preceding chapters complete. Some of these configurations include but are not limited to (a) the treatment of dead end streets resulting in the use of cul-de-sacs or hammerheads, (b) the bypassing of an obstacle to a horizontal alignment, (c) the intersection of street ribbons such as traffic lanes, pavement edges, curb or gutter lines, and right-of-way lines to mention a few, and (d) the introduction of traffic islands and sight triangles.