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Cold Adaptation Responses in Insects and Other Arthropods: An “Omics” Approach

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Short Views on Insect Genomics and Proteomics

Part of the book series: Entomology in Focus ((ENFO,volume 4))

Abstract

In this chapter, we review recent genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies that link several gene and protein products involved in cold adaptation in insects and other arthropods to energy metabolism and cellular protection mechanisms. Organisms have evolved various mechanisms for survival at subfreezing temperatures. In general, cold hardy invertebrates utilize four main strategies to survive cold temperatures: (1) freeze tolerance, (2) freeze avoidance, (3) cryoprotective dehydration, and (4) vitrification. In addition, many insects in temperate regions overwinter in an arrested developmental state known as diapause, during which they are cold hardy. Major alterations occur during winter diapause, with respect to both total metabolic flux and the relative activities of different metabolic pathways. In these organisms, one such metabolic adaptation to unfavorably cold environmental conditions is the synthesis of cryoprotectants/anhydroprotectants. The metabolic changes and metabolic paths involved in cold adaptation suggest involvement of specific enzymes and key regulatory proteins. These mechanisms of cold adaptation require precise scheduling of the expression of specific genes. Thus, we discuss here the evidence researchers have recently begun to gather supporting a relationship between the genes and proteins of the cold adaptation response and mechanisms of cellular protection and energy metabolism using an “omics” approach.

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Abbreviations

ADS:

Antioxidant defense system

AFP:

Antifreeze protein

CDMC:

Canadian Drosophila Microarray Centre

CLT:

Constant low temperature

CS:

Cold shock

2DE:

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis

2DE-DIGE:

Two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis

EST:

Expressed sequence tag

GC–MS:

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

GlyP:

Glycogen phosphorylase

GO:

Gene Ontology

HSP:

Heat shock protein

INP:

Ice-nucleating protein

iTRAQ:

Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation

LC–MS:

Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

LC-MS/MS:

Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

NCBI:

National Center for Biotechnology Information

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

Q-PCR:

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction

RCH:

Rapid cold hardening

SSH:

Suppression subtractive hybridization

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, project No 173014B: “Molecular mechanisms of redox signaling in homeostasis: adaptation and pathology.”

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia

    Jelena Purać, Danijela Kojić, Edward Petri, Željko D. Popović & Gordana Grubor-Lajšić

  2. Department for Physiology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

    Duško P. Blagojević PhD

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  3. Edward Petri
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  4. Željko D. Popović
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  5. Gordana Grubor-Lajšić
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  6. Duško P. Blagojević PhD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Duško P. Blagojević PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA

    Chandrasekar Raman

  2. Biological Sciences Department Center for Biotech. and Life Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA

    Marian R. Goldsmith

  3. Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

    Tolulope A. Agunbiade

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Purać, J., Kojić, D., Petri, E., Popović, Ž.D., Grubor-Lajšić, G., Blagojević, D.P. (2016). Cold Adaptation Responses in Insects and Other Arthropods: An “Omics” Approach. In: Raman, C., Goldsmith, M., Agunbiade, T. (eds) Short Views on Insect Genomics and Proteomics. Entomology in Focus, vol 4. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24244-6_4

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