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Short Views on Insect Genomics and Proteomics pp 229–251Cite as

Nano-Insecticides for the Control of Human and Crop Pests

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Part of the book series: Entomology in Focus ((ENFO,volume 4))

Abstract

Nanotechnology is a promising field of interdisciplinary research. It opens up a wide array of opportunities in various fields like insecticides, pharmaceuticals, electronics, and agriculture. Biosynthesis of insecticides from plant extracts is currently under exploration. Plant extracts are very cost-effective and eco-friendly and thus can be an economic and efficient alternative for the large-scale synthesis of synthetic and other chemical insecticides. The present review was carried out to establish the management of insect pests using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Cassia occidentalis against different life stages of crop and human pests. Synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Characteristics of the synthesized AgNPs were confirmed by analyzing the excitation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) using a UV–vis spectrophotometer at 420 nm. SEM analysis of the synthesized AgNPs clearly showed clustered and irregular shapes, mostly aggregated and having a size of 20–85 nm. The chemical composition of elements present in the solution was determined by its energy-dispersive spectrum. The FTIR analysis of the nanoparticles indicated the presence of proteins, which may be acting as capping agents around the nanoparticles. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles may be triggered by several compounds such as carbonyl groups, terpenoids, phenolics, flavones, amines, amides, proteins, pigments, alkaloids, and other reducing agents present in the biological extracts. Overall, this study adds knowledge on C. occidentalis-borne insecticides and green-synthesized AgNP toxic against arthropods of medical and agricultural importance, allowing us to propose the tested products as effective candidates to develop newer and safer pest control tools.

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Abbreviations

a.u.:

Absorption unit

AgNP:

Silver nanoparticle

CQ:

Chloroquine

DMRT:

Duncan’s multiple range test

EDX:

Energy-dispersive X-ray

fcc:

Face-centered cubic

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared

IPM:

Insect pest management

JCPDS:

Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards

KeV:

Kiloelectronvolt

LC50, LC90 :

Lethal concentration

NPs:

Nanoparticles

ppm:

Parts per million

RBC:

Red blood cell

SD:

Standard deviation

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy/microscope

SPR:

Surface plasmon resonance

UV–vis:

UV–visible

WHO:

World Health Organization

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful for the financial support by King Saud University, Vice Deanship of Research Chairs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India

    K. Murugan, C. Panneerselvam, P. Madhiyazhagan, J. Subramanium & D. Dinesh

  2. Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, 238 Burt Hall, Manhattan, 66506, KS, USA

    Chandrasekar Raman

  3. Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan

    Jiang-Shiou Hwang

  4. Department of Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China

    Jiang Wei

  5. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Research Chair in Laser Diagnosis of Cancer, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Mohamad Saleh AlSalhi & S. Devanesan

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  1. K. Murugan
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Correspondence to K. Murugan .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA

    Chandrasekar Raman

  2. Biological Sciences Department Center for Biotech. and Life Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA

    Marian R. Goldsmith

  3. Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

    Tolulope A. Agunbiade

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Murugan, K. et al. (2016). Nano-Insecticides for the Control of Human and Crop Pests. In: Raman, C., Goldsmith, M., Agunbiade, T. (eds) Short Views on Insect Genomics and Proteomics. Entomology in Focus, vol 4. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24244-6_10

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