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Women and COPD

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Gender, Sex Hormones and Respiratory Disease

Part of the book series: Respiratory Medicine ((RM))

Abstract

While historically COPD has been perceived as a disease of men, the past two decades have seen an increase in COPD prevalence, morbidity, and mortality in women. Total COPD deaths for women in the United States now surpass men. Unfortunately, women with COPD may also be more likely to go undiagnosed or misdiagnosed and are more likely to report diagnostic delay and insufficient access to physicians. The most important risk factor for COPD development in both men and women is tobacco smoke, but data suggest that women are both more susceptible to the effects of tobacco smoke and disproportionately represented in the subset of patients with COPD and no smoking history. Women in developing countries also experience more exposure to biomass smoke, thus increasing their risk for COPD. Women with COPD also report more severe dyspnea and poorer health status for the same level of tobacco exposure as well as experience more frequent exacerbations. From a biologic standpoint, sex hormone differences as well as genetic and epigenetic mechanisms have all been implicated in playing a role in COPD gender differences, but the degree to which biologic, psychological, and sociologic factors contribute to these noted gender differences remains difficult to completely resolve. Fortunately thanks to efforts of both the NIH and FDA, gender differences in COPD are an intense area of research and our understanding of this important arena continues to improve. This chapter focuses both on what we have come to understand about how gender influences disease development, diagnosis, presentation, and progression and on what we have yet to understand that will require further research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Catherine A. Meldrum PhD, RN

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Women’s Respiratory Health Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    MeiLan K. Han MD, MS (Medical Director)

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  1. Catherine A. Meldrum PhD, RN
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Correspondence to MeiLan K. Han MD, MS .

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  1. Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

    Anna R. Hemnes

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Meldrum, C.A., Han, M.K. (2016). Women and COPD. In: Hemnes, A. (eds) Gender, Sex Hormones and Respiratory Disease. Respiratory Medicine. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23998-9_3

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