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Sex Hormone Signaling in the Lung in Health and Disease: Airways, Parenchyma, and Pulmonary Vasculature

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Gender, Sex Hormones and Respiratory Disease

Part of the book series: Respiratory Medicine ((RM))

Abstract

Gender and sex differences have been implicated in many major lung diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and lung cancer. Sex differences and sex hormone-mediated effects emerge in the lung as early as during prenatal development and persist well into adulthood. In addition, significant sex hormone-mediated differences may occur even within the same individual, resulting from fluctuations in sex hormone levels as a function of age and/or menstrual cycle. While the exact role of sex hormones in many lung diseases has not been fully characterized, it is now evident that all major cell types in the lung appear to be targets of sex hormones. Many of these effects, however, are heterogenous and often not fully understood. This chapter will review the effects of the most relevant sex hormones on lung parenchyma, airways, and vasculature in health, thus providing a segue for the individual disease states reviewed in later chapters of this textbook. The biogenesis, signaling mechanisms, and regulation of the three main classes of sex hormones (estrogens, progestogens, and androgens) will be reviewed, followed by an examination of the role of sex hormones in healthy lung development and homeostasis. Finally, the current understanding of the role of steroid signaling in the healthy lung will be reviewed via a compartment-based approach, highlighting current knowledge gaps and identifying research opportunities. Where appropriate, the impact of sex hormones on pulmonary disease and their clinical implications will be discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Occupational and Sleep Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    Andrea L. Frump PhD & Tim Lahm MD

  2. Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    Tim Lahm MD

  3. 980 W. Walnut Street, Room C-410, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA

    Tim Lahm MD

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  1. Andrea L. Frump PhD
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  2. Tim Lahm MD
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Correspondence to Tim Lahm MD .

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  1. Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA

    Anna R. Hemnes

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Frump, A.L., Lahm, T. (2016). Sex Hormone Signaling in the Lung in Health and Disease: Airways, Parenchyma, and Pulmonary Vasculature. In: Hemnes, A. (eds) Gender, Sex Hormones and Respiratory Disease. Respiratory Medicine. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23998-9_2

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