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Sorption Values for Calcium, Nickel, and Carbon

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Radionuclide and Metal Sorption on Cement and Concrete

Part of the book series: Topics in Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ((TSRQ,volume 9999))

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Abstract

These elements are grouped together because, despite their differences in chemistry, their radioactive isotopes are taken up in cementitious materials by isotopic exchange, a physical process, rather than by some chemical sorption process. 41Ca, 14C, and 59Ni plus 63Ni are relevant constituents of radioactive wastes. For any radioactive isotope of a given element, isotopic exchange becomes important when the pore solution in the hydrated cement is already saturated with respect to some solubility-limiting phase of this element. In the case of Ca and C, this does not appear as a surprise, since both elements occur at high concentration levels in different HCP minerals as well as in the pore solution. In case of Ni, the formation of layered double hydroxides leads to a very low aqueous solubility in cementitious systems. Therefore, the comparatively low content of stable Ni in hydrated cement paste (stemming mainly from clinker production) is sufficient to reach the solubility limit for Ni in cementitious pore solutions.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Rare isotope created when a high-energy cosmic ray interacts with the nucleus of an in situ atom.

  2. 2.

    Neglecting carbonate in cement is conservative in view of determining sorption values. Also, the related model is independent of cement composition and avoids the need to account for difficult to estimate atmospheric/aqueous carbonation processes.

  3. 3.

    An uncertainty factor (UF) is defined for x such that the range of possible x values is defined by the limits best estimate/UF ≤ x ≤ BE × UF.

  4. 4.

    Lower bound because R d value obtained without adding stable Ni (inventory of dissolved stable Ni for HTS (Haute Teneur en Silice) Portland cement was 6.5 × 10−8 M).

  5. 5.

    Ageing of concretes and pastes occurred in the absence of air to avoid carbonatization.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. BMG Engineering Ltd, Schlieren, Switzerland

    Michael Ochs

  2. CSIRO Land and Water, Adelaide, SA, Australia

    Dirk Mallants

  3. Waste and Disposal Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK.CEN, Mol, Belgium

    Lian Wang

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  1. Michael Ochs
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  2. Dirk Mallants
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Correspondence to Michael Ochs .

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Ochs, M., Mallants, D., Wang, L. (2016). Sorption Values for Calcium, Nickel, and Carbon. In: Radionuclide and Metal Sorption on Cement and Concrete. Topics in Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, vol 9999. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23651-3_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23651-3_5

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