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Head and Neck Injuries in Young Athletes pp 85–103Cite as

Skull Fractures and Structural Brain Injuries

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Part of the book series: Contemporary Pediatric and Adolescent Sports Medicine ((PASM))

Abstract

Skull fractures and structural brain injuries encompass a heterogeneous set of pathologies that may confer significant morbidity and mortality in the setting of head trauma. Skull fractures can be classified according to their shape (linear, comminuted, and depressed) and if there is overlying disruption of the galea aponeurotica and skin (open vs. closed). Structural brain injuries of clinical relevance include epidural/extradural hematomas, subdural hematomas, traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, and intracerebral/intraparenchymal hemorrhage. Though certainly known to occur in athletic settings, these injuries are more typically associated with motor vehicle-related accidents, significant falls, and violence as significant energy is required to cause disruption of the cranial vault’s natural structural integrity. When suspected, rapid assessment and diagnosis are critical to maximizing patient outcomes. Accurate, thorough, and focused history and physical examination can help guide the physician through selection of further workup, often with some form of neuroimaging. Treatment of many of these lesions is surgical in nature and is typically aimed at reducing mass effect on critical neural structures and repairing any disrupted anatomy.

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  1. Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Kevin T. Huang MD, Muhammad M. Abd-El-Barr MD, PhD & Ian F. Dunn MD

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  2. Muhammad M. Abd-El-Barr MD, PhD
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  1. Division of Sports Medicine, Childrens Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Michael O'Brien

  2. The Micheli Center for Sports Injur , Waltham, Massachusetts, USA

    William P. Meehan III

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Huang, K.T., Abd-El-Barr, M.M., Dunn, I.F. (2016). Skull Fractures and Structural Brain Injuries. In: O'Brien, M., Meehan III, W. (eds) Head and Neck Injuries in Young Athletes. Contemporary Pediatric and Adolescent Sports Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23549-3_7

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