Skip to main content

Supplements/Diet/Other Integrative Method Vernacular and Controversies from A to Z: What is the Latest or Greatest, or Not So Great?!

  • Chapter
Book cover Integrative Medicine for Breast Cancer
  • 753 Accesses

Abstract

The impact of a variety of integrative medicines on breast cancer prevention, ancillary treatment, and the treatment of side effects has arguably more research accumulated compared to any other cancer. The field moves quickly and the ability to learn about the latest options that work and are worthless need to be reviewed whether they impact the consult with a patient directly or indirectly. Numerous integrative medicine terms or vernacular, along with lifestyle, diet, dietary supplement, environmental and other alternative medicine need a quick review and these can be found in this chapter and other sources [1–4].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Moyad MA. The supplement handbook. New York, NY: Rodale Publishing; 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Moyad MA. Complementary and alternative medicine for prostate and urologic diseases. New York, NY: Springer Publishing; 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Moyad MA. Beyond hormone therapy. Updated 2nd ed. Ann Arbor, MI: Spry Publishing; 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Moyad MA. Promoting wellness for prostate cancer patients. 4th ed. Ann Arbor, MI: Spry Publishing; 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Lam JR, Schneider JL, Zhao W, Corley DA. Proton pump inhibitor and histamine 2 receptor antagonist use and vitamin B12 deficiency. JAMA. 2013;310:2435–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Wilhelm SM, Rjater RG, Kale-Pradhan PB. Perils and pitfalls of long-term effects of proton pump inhibitors. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2013;6:443–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Barton DL, Liu H, Dakhil SR, Linquist B, Sloan JA, Nichols CR, et al. Wisconsin ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) to improve cancer-related fatigue: a randomized, double-blind trial, N07C2. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2013;105:1230–8.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Barton DL, Soori GS, Bauer BA, Sloan JA, Johnson PA, Figueras C, et al. Pilot study of Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng) to improve cancer-related fatigue: a randomized, double-blind, dose-finding evaluation: NCCTG trial N03CA. Support Care Cancer. 2010;18:179–87.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Oltean H, Robbins C, van Tulder MW, Berman BM, Bombardier C, Gagnier JJ. Herbal medicine for low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;12:CD004504.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Ryan JL, Heckler CE, Roscoe JA, Dakhil SR, Kirshner J, Flynn PJ, et al. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) reduces acute chemotherapy-induced nausea: a URCC CCOP study of 576 patients. Support Care Cancer. 2012;20:1479–89.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Udell JA, Zawi R, Bhatt DL, Keshtkar-Jahromi M, Gaughran F, Phrommintikul A, et al. Association between influenza vaccination and cardiovascular outcomes in high-risk patients: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2013;310:1711–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Pollard SL, Malpica-Lianos T, Friberg IK, Fischer-Walker C, Ashraf S, Walker N. Estimating the herd immunity effect of rotavirus vaccine. Vaccine. 2015;33(32):3795–800. Epub 23 Jun 2015.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Rashid H, Khandaker G, Booy R. Vaccination and herd immunity: what more do we know? Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2012;25:243–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Breuer J, Pacou M, Gautier A, Brown MM. Herpes zoster as a risk factor for stroke and TIA: a retrospective cohort study in the UK. Neurology. 2014;83:e27–233.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Corrales-Medina VF, Alvarez KN, Weissfeld LA, Angus DC, Chirinos JA, Chang CC, Newman A, et al. Association between hospitalization for pneumonia and subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease. JAMA. 2015;313:264–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Mitchell DA, Batich KA, Gunn MD, Huang MN, Sanchez-Perez L, Nair SK, et al. Tetanus toxoid and CCL3 improve dendritic cell vaccines in mice and glioblastoma patients. Nature. 2015;519:366–9.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Hernan MA, Alonso A, Hernandez-Diaz S. Tetanus vaccination and risk of multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. Neurology. 2006;67:212–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Farez MF, Correale J. Immunizations and risk of multiple sclerosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol. 2011;258:1197–206.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Thompson P. Why Andorrans live longer than everyone else. www.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/04/23/andorra.life.expectancy/index.html?_s=PM:HEALTH. Accessed 15 June 2015.

  20. EFSA completes full risk assessment on aspartame and concludes it is safe at current levels of exposure. www.efsa.europa.eu/en/press/news/131210.htm. Accessed 15 June 2015.

  21. Suez J, Korem T, Zeevi D, Zilberman-Schapira G, Thaiss CA, Maza O, et al. Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering gut microbiota. Nature. 2014;514:181–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. US Food and Drug Administration. Additional information about High-Intensity Sweeteners Permitted for use in Food in the United States. www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/FoodAdditivesIngredients/ucm397725.htm#Saccharin. Accessed 15 June 2015.

  23. Weihrauch MR, Diehl V. Artificial sweeteners—do they bear a carcinogenic risk? Ann Oncol. 2004;15:1460–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Roberts JR. The paradox of artificial sweeteners in managing obesity. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2015;17:423.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Miller PE, Perez V. Low-calorie sweeteners and body weight and composition: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100:765–77.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Butler CC, Vidal-Alaball J, Cannings-John R, McCaddon A, Hood K, Papaioannou A, et al. Oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular vitamin B12 for vitamin B12 deficiency: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Fam Pract. 2006;23:279–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Masucci L, Goeree R. Vitamin B12 intramuscular injections versus oral supplements: a budget impact analysis. Ont Health Technol Asses Ser. 2013;13:1–24.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Chen P, Li C, Li X, Li J, Chu R, Wang H. Higher dietary folate intake reduces the breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Cancer. 2014;110:2327–38.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Vollset SE, Clarke R, Lewington S, Ebbing M, Halsey J, Lonn E, et al., for the B-vitamin Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration. Effects of folic acid supplementation on overall and site-specific cancer incidence during the randomized trials: meta-analyses of data on 50,000 individuals. Lancet 2013;381:1029–36.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Christen WG, Glynn RJ, Chew EY, Albert CM, Manson JE. Folic acid, pyridoxine, and cyanocobalamin combination treatment and age-related macular degeneration in women: the Women’s Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:335–41.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Zhang SM, Cook NR, Albert CM, Gaziano JM, Buring JE, Manson JE. Effect of combined folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 on cancer risk in women: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2008;300:2012–21.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Kotsopoulos J, Kim YI, Narod SA. Folate and breast cancer: what about high-risk women? Cancer Causes Control. 2012;23:1405–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Deghan Manshadi S, Ishiguro L, Sohn KJ, Medline A, Renlund R, Croxford R, et al. Folic acid supplementation promotes mammary tumor progression in a rat model. PLoS One. 2014;9, e84635.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. McEligot AJ, Ziogas A, Pfeiffer CM, Fazili Z, Anton-Culver H. The association between circulating total folate and folate vitamers with overall survival after postmenopausal breast cancer diagnosis. Nutr Cancer. 2015;67(3):442–8.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. van Wijngaarden JP, Swart KM, Enneman AW, Dhonukshe-Rutten RA, van Dijk SC, Ham AC, et al. Effect of daily vitamin B12 and folic acid supplementation on fracture incidence in elderly individuals with an elevated plasma homocysteine concentration: B-PROOF, a randomized controlled trial. Bone Abstr. 2014;3:OC2.2.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Siervo M, Lara J, Ogbonmwan I, Mathers JC. Inorganic nitrate and beetroot juice supplementation reduces blood pressure in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nutr. 2013;143:818–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Albanes D, Heinonen OP, Taylor PR, Virtamo J, Edwards BK, Rautalahti M, et al. Alpha-tocopherol and beta carotene supplements and lung cancer incidence in the alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention study: effects of base-line characteristics and study compliance. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1996;88:1560–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Omenn GS, Goodman GE, Thornquist MD, Balmes J, Cullen MR, Glass A, et al. Risk factors for lung cancer and for intervention effects in CARET, the beta-carotene and retinol efficacy trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1996;88:1550–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 Research Group. Lutein + zeaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids for age-related macular degeneration: the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013;309:2005–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Duffield-Lillico AJ, Begg CB. Reflections on the landmark studies of beta-carotene supplementation. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96:1729–31.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Quirk SK, Shure AK, Agrawal DK. Immune-mediated adverse effects of anticytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 antibody therapy in metastatic melanoma. Transl Res 2015, Epub ahead of print.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Silva OE, Warsch SM, Torres AE, Arteaga AG, Westin G, Dawar R, et al. “Fight fat with fat”: the impact of brown adipose tissue (BAT) on breast cancer prognosis—a retrospective analysis. J Clin Oncol 2015;33(Suppl; abstr 1585).

    Google Scholar 

  43. Clark LC, Combs Jr GF, Turnbull BW, Slate EH, Chalker DK, Chow J. Effects of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in patients with carcinoma of the skin. A randomized controlled trial. Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Study Group. JAMA. 1996;276:1957–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Colditz GA. Selenium and cancer prevention. Promising results indicate further trials required. JAMA. 1996;276:1984–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Duffield-Lillico AJ, Slate EH, Reid ME, Turnbull BW, Wilkins PA, Combs Jr GF, et al., for the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Study Group. Selenium supplementation and secondary prevention of nonmelanoma skin cancer in a randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:1477–81.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Stranges S, Marshall JR, Natarajan R, Donahue RP, Trevisan M, Combs GF, et al. Effects of long-term selenium supplementation on the incidence of type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:217–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Gontero P, Marra G, Soria F, Oderda M, Zitella A, Baratta F, et al. A randomized double-blind placebo controlled phase I–II study on clinical and molecular effects of dietary supplements in men with precancerous prostatic lesions. Chemoprevention or “chemopromotion”? Prostate. 2015;75:1177–86.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Kenfield SA, Van Blarigan EL, DuPre N, Stampfer MJ, Giovannucci E, Chan JM. Selenium supplementation and prostate cancer mortality. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014;107:360.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Kristal AR, Darke AK, Morris JS, Tangen CM, Goodman PJ, Thompson IM, et al. Baseline selenium status and effects of selenium and vitamin e supplementation on prostate cancer risk. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014;106:djt456.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvado J, Covas MI, Corella D, Aros F, et al., for the PREDIMED Study Investigators. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet. N Engl J Med 2013;368:1279–90.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Ornish D. Does a Mediterranean diet really beat low-fat for heart health? http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dr-dean-ornish/mediterranean-diet_b_2755940.html. Accessed 15 June 2015.

  52. Appel LJ, Van Horn L. Did the PREDIMED trial test a Mediterranean diet? N Engl J Med. 2013;368:1353–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. de Lorgeril M, Renaud S, Mamelle N, Salen P, Martin JL, Monjaud I, et al. Mediterranean alpha-linolenic acid-rich diet in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Lancet. 1994;343:1454–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. McKeigue P. Diets for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease: can linolenic acid substitute for oily fish? Lancet. 1994;343:1445.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. de Lorgeril M, Salen P, Martin JL, Monjaud I, Delaye J, Mamelle N. Mediterranean diet, traditional risk factors, and the rate of cardiovascular complications after myocardial infarction: final report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study. Circulation. 1999;99:779–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Leaf A. Dietary prevention of coronary heart disease: the Lyon Diet Heart Study. Circulation. 1999;99:733–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Temraz S, Santini V, Musallam K, Taher A. Iron overload and chelation therapy in myelodysplastic syndromes. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2014;91:64–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Fisher SA, Brunskill SJ, Doree C, Chowdhury O, Gooding S, Roberts DJ. Oral deferiprone for iron chelation in people with thalassaemia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;21:CD004839.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Mani P, Rohatgi A. Niacin therapy, HDL cholesterol, and cardiovascular disease: is the HDL hypothesis defunct? Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2015;17:521.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Assuncao ML, Ferreira HS, dos Santos AF, Cabral Jr CR, Florencio TM. Effect of dietary coconut oil on the biochemical and anthropometric profiles of women presenting abdominal obesity. Lipids. 2009;44:593–601.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Wyman M, Leonard M, Morledge T. Coenzyme Q10: a therapy for hypertension and statin-induced myalgia? Clev Clin J Med. 2010;77:435–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. The Parkinson Study Group QE3 Investigators. A randomized clinical trial of high-dosage coenzyme Q10 in early Parkinson Disease. JAMA Neurol. 2014;71:543–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Lesser GJ, Case D, Stark N, Williford S, Giguere J, Garino LA, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oral coenzyme Q10 to relieve self-reported treatment-related fatigue in newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer. J Support Oncol. 2013;11:31–42.

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. No authors listed. Colon cleansing. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2009;51:39–40.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Ratnaraja N, Raymond N. Extensive abscesses following colonic hydrotherapy. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005;5:527.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Handley DV, Rieger NA, Rodda DJ. Rectal perforation from colonic administered by alternative practitioners. Med J Aust. 2004;181:575–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Tan MP, Cheong DM. Life-threatening perineal gangrene from rectal perforation following colonic hydrotherapy: a case report. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 1999;28:583–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Norlela S, Izham C, Khalid BA. Colonic irrigation-induced hyponatremia. Malays J Pathol. 2004;26:117–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Schreuders EH, Ruco A, Rabeneck L, Schoen RE, Sung JJ, Young GP, et al. Colorectal cancer screening: a global overview of existing programmes. Gut 2015, Epub ahead of print.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Singh B. Psyllium as therapeutic and drug delivery agent. Int J Pharm. 2007;334:1–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Beerepoot MJ, Riet GT, Nys S, van der Wall WM, de Borgie CA, et al. Cranberries vs antibiotics to prevent urinary tract infections: a randomized double-blind noninferiority trial in premenopausal women. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171:1270–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Bosmans JE, Beerepoot MA, Prins JM, ter Riet G, Geerlings SE. Cost-effectiveness of cranberries vs. antibiotics to prevent urinary tract infections in premenopausal women: a randomized clinical trial. PLoS One. 2014;9:e91939.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Jepson RG, Williams G, Craig JC. Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;10:CD001321.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Hamilton K, Bennett NC, Purdie G, Herst PM. Standardized cranberry capsules for radiation cystitis in prostate cancer patients in New Zealand: a randomized double blinded, placebo controlled pilot study. Support Care Cancer. 2015;23:95–102.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Ryan JL, Heckler CE, Ling M, Katz A, Williams JP, Pentland AP, et al. Curcumin for radiation dermatitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of thirty breast cancer patients. Radiat Res. 2013;180:34–43.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Yu JJ, Pei LB, Zhang Y, Wen ZY, Yang JL. Chronic supplementation of curcumin enhances the efficacy of antidepressants in major depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2015;35:406–10.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Lopresti AL, Maes M, Maker GL, Hood SD, Drummond PD. Curcumin for the treatment of major depression: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study. J Affect Disord. 2014;167:368–75.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Madhu K, Chanda K, Saji MJ. Safety and efficacy of Curcuma longa extract in the treatment of painful knee osteoarthritis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Inflammopharmacology. 2013;21:129–36.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Pinsomsak P, Niempoog S. The efficacy of Curcuma longa L. extract as an adjuvant therapy in primary knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. J Med Assoc Thai. 2012;95 Suppl 1:S51–8.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Higdon JV, Delage B, Williams DE, Dashwood RH. Cruciferous vegetables and human cancer risk: epidemiologic evidence and mechanistic basis. Pharmacol Res. 2007;55:224–36.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Dalessandri KM, Firestone GL, Fitch MD, Bradlow HL, Bjeldanes LF. Pilot study: effect of 3,3-diindolylmethane supplements on urinary hormone metabolites in postmenopausal women with a history of early-stage breast caner. Nutr Cancer. 2004;50:161–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Nikitina D, Llacuachaqui M, Sepkovic D, Bradlow HL, Narod SA, Kotsopoulos J. The effect of oral 3,3′-diindolylmethane supplementation on the 2:16alpha-OHE ratio in BRCA1 mutation carriers. Fam Cancer. 2015;14:281–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Bentz AT, Schneider CM, Westerlind KC. The relationship between physical activity and 2-hydroxyestrone, 16alpha-hydroxyestrone, and the 2/16 ratio in premenopausal women (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 2005;16:455–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Ursin G, London S, Yang D, Tseng CC, Pike MC, Bernstein L, et al. Urinary 2-hydroxyestrone/16alpha-hydroxyestrone ratio and family history of breast cancer in premenopausal women. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2002;72:139–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Lillehei AS, Halcon LL. A systematic review of the effect of inhaled essential oils on sleep. J Altern Complement Med. 2014;20:441–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Kligler B, Chaudhary S. Peppermint oil. Am Fam Physician. 2007;75:1027–30.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Cernes R, Zimlichman R. RESPeRATE: the role of paced breathing in hypertension treatment. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2015;9:38–47.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Prather AD, Smith TR, Poletto DM, Tavora F, Chung JH, Nallamshetty L, et al. Aspiration-related lung diseases. J Thoracic Imaging. 2014;29:304–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch. http://www.seafoodwatch.org/. Accessed 15 June 2015.

  90. Weise E. First ocean-farmed salmon makes eco-friendly list. http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/08/26/verlasso-farmed-salmon-seafood-watch/2693365/. Accessed 15 June 2015.

  91. Verlasso. www.verlasso.com/. Accessed 15 June 2015.

  92. Harris WS. Fish oil supplementation: evidence for health benefits. Cleve Clin J Med. 2004;71:208–10. 212, 215–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Nichols PD, Glencross B, Petrie JR, Singh SP. Readily available sources of long-chain omega-3 oils: is farmed Australian seafood a better source of the good oil than wild-caught seafood? Nutrients. 2014;6:1063–79.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Cladis DP, Kleiner AC, Freiser HH, Santerre CR. Fatty acid profiles of commercially available finfish fillets in the United States. Lipids. 2014;49:1005–18.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Senior K. Faecal transplantation for recurrent C difficile diarrhea. Lancet. 2013;13:200–1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. van Nood E, Vrieze A, Nieuwdorp M, Fuentes S, Zoetendal EG, de Vos WM, et al. Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:407–15.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Kim JE, Jeon SM, Park KH, Lee WS, Jeong TS, McGregor RA, et al. Does Glycine max leaves or Garcinia Cambogia promote weight-loss or lower plasma cholesterol in overweight individuals: a randomized control trial. Nutr J. 2011;10:94.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Kim YJ, Choi MS, Park YB, Kim SR, Lee MK, Jung UJ. Garcinia Cambogia attenuates diet-induced adiposity but exacerbates hepatic collagen accumulation and inflammation. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19:4689–701.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Lopez AM, Kornegay J, Hendrickson RG. Serotonin toxicity associated with Garcinia cambogia over-the-counter supplement. J Med Toxicol. 2014;10:399–401.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  100. Lamm DL, Riggs DR, Shriver JS, vanGilder PF, Rach JF, DeHaven JI. Megadose vitamins in bladder cancer: a double-blind clinical trial. J Urol. 1994;151:21–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Nepple KG, Lightfoot AJ, Rosevear HM, O’Donnell MA, Lamm DL, for the Bladder Cancer Genitourinary Oncology Study Group. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin with or without interferon alpha-2b and megadose versus recommended daily allowance vitamins during induction and maintenance intravesical treatment of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. J Urol 2010;184:1915–9.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Grossman HB, Stenzl A, Moyad MA, Droller MJ. Bladder cancer: chemoprevention, complementary approaches and budgetary considerations. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl. 2008;218:213–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Vilensky D, Lawrentschuk N, Hersey K, Fleshner NE. A smoking cessation program as a resource for bladder cancer patients. Can Urol Assoc J. 2012;6(5):E167–73. Epub 1 May 2011.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Freedman ND, Silverman DT, Hollenbeck AR, Schatzkin A, Abnet CC. Association between smoking and risk of bladder cancer among men and women. JAMA. 2011;306:737–45.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Rink M, Xylinas E, Babjuk M, Hansen J, Pycha A, Comploj E, et al. Impact of smoking on outcomes of patients with a history of recurrent nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. J Urol. 2012;188:2120–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Letasiova S, Medveova A, Sovcikova A, Dusinska M, Volkovova K, Mosolu C, et al. Bladder cancer, a review of environmental risk factors. Environ Health. 2012;11 Suppl 1:S11.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Ege MJ, Mayer M, Normand AC, Genuneit J, Cookson WO, Braun-Fahrlander C, et al. Exposure to environmental microorganisms and childhood asthma. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:701–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Clough S. Gender and the hygiene hypothesis. Soc Sci Med. 2011;72:486–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Rook GA, Dalgleish A. Infection, immunoregulation, and cancer. Immunol Rev. 2011;240:141–59.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Clayton EM, Todd M, Dowd JB, Aiello AE, et al. The impact of bisphenol A and triclosan on immune health parameters in the U.S. population, NHANES 2003–2006. Environ Health Perspect. 2011;119:390–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Gomes EC, Silva AN, de Oliveira MR. Oxidants, antioxidants, and the beneficial roles of exercise-induced production of reactive species. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2012;2012:756132.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Johnston CS, Tjonn SL, Swan PD, White A, Hutchins H, Sears B. Ketogenic low-carbohydrate diets have no metabolic advantage over nonketogenic low-carbohydrate diets. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83:1055–61.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. de Souza RJ, Bray GA, Carey VJ, Hall KD, LeBoff MS, Loria CM, et al. Effects of 4 weight-loss diets differing in fat, protein, and carbohydrate on fat mass, lean mass, visceral adipose tissue, and hepatic fat: results from the POUNDS LOST trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;95:614–25.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Johnstone AM, Horgan GW, Murison SD, Bremmer DM, Lobley GE. Effects of a high-protein ketogenic diet on hunger, appetite, and weight loss in obese men feeding ad libitum. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87:44–55.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Yang L, Colditz GA. Prevalence of overweight and obese in the United States, 2007–2012. JAMA Intern Med 2015, Epub ahead of print.

    Google Scholar 

  116. Duncan A, Talwar D, McMillan DC, Stefanowicz F, O’Reilly D. Quantitative data on the magnitude of the systemic inflammatory response and its effect on micronutrient status based on plasma measurements. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;95:64–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Silva MC, Furlanetto TW. Does serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D decrease during acute-phase response? A systematic review. Nutr Res. 2015;35:91–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Mayland C, Allen KR, Degg TJ, Bennet M. Micronutrient concentrations in patients with malignant disease: effect of the inflammatory response. Ann Clin Biochem. 2004;41(Pt 2):138–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Oakes EJC, Lyon TDB, Duncan A, Gray A, Talwar D, O’Reilly DS. Acute inflammatory response does not affect erythrocyte concentrations of copper, zinc and selenium. Clin Nutr. 2008;27:115–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Vasilaki AT, Leivaditi D, Talwar D, Kinsella J, Duncan A, O’Reilly DS, et al. Assessment of vitamin E status in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome: plasma, plasma corrected for lipids or red blood cell measurements? Clin Chim Acta. 2009;409:41–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Vasilaki AT, McMillan DC, Kinsella J, Duncan A, O’Reilly DS, Talwar D. Relation between riboflavin, flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide concentrations in plasma and red cells in patients with critical illness. Clin Chim Acta. 2010;411(21–22):1750–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Cepeda-Lopez AC, Osendarp SJ, Meise-Boonstra A, Aeberli I, Gonzalez-Salazar F, Feskens E, et al. Sharply higher rates of iron deficiency in obese Mexican women and children are predicted by obesity-related inflammation rather than by differences in dietary iron intake. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93:975–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Gartner CE, Hall WD, Vos T, Bertram MY, Wallace AL, Lim SS. Assessment of Swedish snus for tobacco harm reduction. Lancet. 2007;369:2010–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Shu XO, Zheng Y, Cai H, Hu K, Chen Z, Zheng W, et al. Soy food intake and breast cancer survival. JAMA. 2009;302:2437–43.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Guha N, Kwan ML, Quesenberry Jr CP, Weitzen EK, Castillo AL, Caan BJ. Soy isoflavones and risk of cancer recurrence in a cohort of breast cancer survivors: the Life After Cancer Epidemiology Study. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009;118:395–405.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Hilakivi-Clarke L, Andrade JE, Helferich W. Is soy consumption good or bad for the breast? J Nutr. 2010;140:2326S–34.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Dong JY, Qin LQ. Soy isoflavones consumption and risk of breast cancer incidence or recurrence: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011;125:315–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Xie Q, Chen ML, Qin Y, Zhang QY, Xu HX, Zhou Y, et al. Isoflavone consumption and risk of breast cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2013;22:118–27.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Bhupathiraju SN, Wedick NM, Pan A, Manson JE, Rexrode KM, Willett WC, et al. Quantity and variety in fruit and vegetable intake and risk of coronary heart disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;98:1514–23.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Fake News Sites Promote Acai Supplements. www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0299-fake-news-sites-promote-acai-supplements. Accessed 30 June 2015.

  131. Public Notification: “Acai Berry Soft Gel ABC” Contains Undeclared Drug Ingredient. www.fda.gov/Drugs/ResourcesForYou/Consumers/BuyingUsingMedicineSafely/MedicationHealthFraud/ucm276098.htm. Accessed 30 June 2015.

  132. Jacobs C, Hutton B, Ng T, Shorr R, Clemons M. Is there a role for oral or intravenous ascorbate (vitamin C) in treating patients with cancer? A systematic review. Oncologist. 2015;20:210–23.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  133. Carr AC, Vissers MC, Cook JS. The effect of intravenous vitamin C on cancer- and chemotherapy-related fatigue and quality of life. Front Oncol. 2014;4:283.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. Peppone LJ, Tejani MA, Mustian KM, Janelsins MC, Kamen CS, Mohile SG, et al. Prognostic characteristics of 492 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients by serum vitamin D levels. J Clin Oncol 2015;33(Suppl; abstr e12619).

    Google Scholar 

  135. Moyad MA. Vitamin D: a rapid review. Dermatol Nurs. 2009;21:25–30.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  136. Datta S, Pal M, De A. The dependency of vitamin d status on anthropometric data. Malays J Med Sci. 2014;21:54–61.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. Jones KS, Assar S, Vanderschueren D, Bouillon R, Prentice A, Schoenmakers I. Predictors of 25(OH)D half-life and plasma 25(OH)D concentrations in the Gambia and the UK. Osteoporos Int. 2015;26:1137–46.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. Sathyapaian T, Shepherd J, Arnett C, Coady AM, Kilpatrick ES, Atkin SL. Atorvastatin increases 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentrations in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Chem. 2010;56:1696–700.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. McDougall CJ, Wong R, Scudera P, Lesser M, DeCosse JJ. Colonic mucosal pH in humans. Dig Dis Sci. 1993;38:542–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  140. Fallingborg J. Intraluminal pH of the human gastrointestinal tract. Dan Med Bull. 1999;46:183–96.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  141. American Cancer Society. www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@editorial/documents/document/acspc-044552.pdf. Accessed 15 June 2015.

  142. Runge TM, Abrams JA, Shaheen NJ. Epidemiology of Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2015;44:203–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  143. Fashner J, Gitu AC. Common gastrointestinal symptoms: risks of long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy. FP Essent. 2013;413:29–39.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  144. Shah NH, LePendu P, Bauer-Mehren A, Ghebremariam YT, Iyer SV, Marcus J, et al. Proton pump inhibitor usage and the risk of myocardial infarction. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0124653.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  145. Yang JC, Lu CW, Lin CJ. Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: current status and future concepts. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20:5283–93.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  146. Koufman JA, Johnston N. Potential benefits of pH 8.8 alkaline drinking water as an adjunct in the treatment of reflux disease. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2012;121:431–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  147. Ayers P, Dixon C. Simple acid-base tutorial. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2012;36:18–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  148. Barrett KE. Water and electrolyte absorption and secretion. In: Barrett KE, editor. Gastrointestinal physiology. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2006. Chapter 5. http://www.accessmedicine.com/content.aspx?aID=2307040. Accessed 1 Mar June 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  149. Fenton TR, Tough SC, Lyon AW, Eliasziw M, Hanley DA. Causal assessment of dietary acid load and bone disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis applying Hill’s epidemiologic criteria for causality. Nutr J. 2011;10:41.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  150. pH values of common foods and ingredients. https://foodsafety.wisc.edu/business_food/files/Approximate_pH.pdf. Accessed 15 June 2015.

  151. Crippa A, Discacciati A, Larsson SC, Wolk A, Orsini N. Coffee consumption and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 2014;180:763–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  152. Tse G, Eslick GD. Cruciferous vegetables and risk of colorectal neoplasms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Cancer. 2014;66:128–39.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  153. Dotevall G, Ekenved G. The absorption of acetylsalicylic acid from the stomach in relation to intragastric pH. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1976;11:801–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  154. Usman MW, Luo F, Cheng H, Zhao JJ, Liu P. Chemopreventive effects of aspirin at a glance. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1855;2015:254–63.

    Google Scholar 

  155. Graham GG, Punt J, Arora M, Day RO, Doogue MP, Duong JK, et al. Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2011;50:81–98.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  156. Atanassova BD, Tzatchev KN. Ascorbic acid—important for iron metabolism. Folia Med (Plovdiv). 2008;50:11–6.

    Google Scholar 

  157. Wang L, Sesso HD, Glynn RJ, Christen WG, Bubes V, Manson JE, et al. Vitamin E and C supplementation and risk of cancer in men: posttrial follow-up in the Physicians’ Health Study II randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100:915–23.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  158. Nakanishi N, Fukui M, Tanaka M, Toda H, Imai S, Yamazaki M, et al. Low urine pH is a predictor of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2012;35(2):77–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  159. Najeeb Q, Masood I, Bhaskar N, Kaur H, Singh J, Pandey R, et al. Effect of BMI and urinary pH on urolithiasis and it composition. Saudi J Kidney Transpl. 2012;24:60–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  160. Hara S, Tsuji H, Ohmoto Y, Amakawa K, Hsieh SD, Arase Y, et al. High serum uric acid level and low urine pH as predictors of metabolic syndrome: a retrospective cohort study in a Japanese urban population. Metabolism. 2012;61:281–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  161. Curhan GC, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ. A prospective study of dietary calcium and other nutrients and the risk of symptomatic kidney stones. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:833–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  162. Wagner CA, Mohebbi N. Urinary pH and stone formation. J Nephrol. 2010;23 Suppl 16:S165–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  163. Frassetto L, Kohlstadt I. Treatment and prevention of kidney stones: an update. Am Fam Physician. 2011;84:1234–42.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  164. Heilberg IP, Goldfarb DS. Optimum nutrition for kidney stone disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2013;20:165–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  165. Borghi L, Meschi T, Amato F, Briganti A, Novarini A, Giannini A. Urinary volume, water and recurrences of idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis: a 5-year randomized prospective study. J Urol. 1996;155:839–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  166. Azoulay A, Garzon P, Eisenberg MJ. Comparison of the mineral content of tap water and bottle waters. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16:168–75.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  167. Cheungpasitporn W, Rossetti S, Friend K, Erickson SB, Lieske JC. Treatment effect, adherence, and safety of high fluid intake for the prevention of incident and recurrent kidney stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nephrol 2015, Epub ahead of print.

    Google Scholar 

  168. Michaud DS, Spiegelman D, Clinton SK, Rimm EB, Curhan GC, Willett WC, et al. Fluid intake and the risk of bladder cancer in men. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:1390–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  169. Zhou J, Smith S, Giovanucci E, Michaud DS. Reexamination of total fluid intake and bladder cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study Cohort. Am J Epidemiol. 2012;175:696–705.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  170. Malats N, Real FX. Epidemiology of bladder cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2015;29:177–89.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  171. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Basic information about arsenic in drinking water. http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/basicinformation/arsenic.cfm. Accessed 15 June 2015.

  172. Merne ME, Syrjanen KJ, Syrjanen SM. Systemic and local effects of long-term exposure to alkaline drinking water in rats. Int J Exp Pathol. 2001;82:213–9.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  173. Chan JC. Acid-base disorders and the kidney. Adv Pediatr. 1983;30:401–71.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  174. Lendowski L, Farber H, Holy A, Darius A, Ehrich B, Wippermann C, et al. Accidental contamination of a German town’s drinking water with sodium hydroxide. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2015;218:366–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  175. United States Environmental Protection Agency. http://safewater.supportportal.com/link/portal/23002/23015/Article/22806/What-is-the-federal-standard-for-pH-in-drinking-water. Accessed 15 June 2015.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Moyad, M.A. (2016). Supplements/Diet/Other Integrative Method Vernacular and Controversies from A to Z: What is the Latest or Greatest, or Not So Great?!. In: Integrative Medicine for Breast Cancer. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23422-9_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23422-9_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-23421-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-23422-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics