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Extracting Robust Keys from NAND Flash Physical Unclonable Functions

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Information Security (ISC 2015)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNSC,volume 9290))

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Abstract

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) are innovative primitives to extract secret keys from the unique submicron structure of integrated circuits. PUFs avoid storing the secret key in the nonvolatile memory directly, providing interesting advantages such as physical unclonability and tamper resistance. In general, Error-Correcting Codes (ECC) are used to ensure the reliability of the response bits. However, the ECC techniques have significant power, delay overheads and are subject to information leakage. In this paper, we introduce a PUF-based key generator for NAND Flash memory chips, while requiring no extra custom hardware circuits. First, we present three methods to extract raw PUF output numbers from NAND Flash memory chips, namely partial erasure, partial programming and program disturbance, which are all based on the NAND Flash Physical Unclonable Function (NFPUF). Second, we use a bit-map or a position-map to select the cells with the most reliable relationship of the size between raw NFPUF output numbers. Only the selected cells are used for key generation. Finally, we describe the practical implementations with multiple off-the-shelf NAND Flash memory chips, and evaluate the reliability and security of the proposed key generator. Experimental results show that our NFPUF based key generator can generate a cryptographically secure 128-bit key with a failure rate \(<10^{-6}\) in 93.83 ms.

This work was partially supported by the National 973 Program of China under award No. 2013CB338001 and the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant XDA06010702.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Data Assurance and Communication Security Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Shijie Jia, Luning Xia, Zhan Wang, Jingqiang Lin, Guozhu Zhang & Yafei Ji

  2. State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Shijie Jia, Luning Xia, Zhan Wang, Jingqiang Lin, Guozhu Zhang & Yafei Ji

  3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Shijie Jia, Guozhu Zhang & Yafei Ji

Authors
  1. Shijie Jia
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  2. Luning Xia
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  3. Zhan Wang
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  4. Jingqiang Lin
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  5. Guozhu Zhang
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  6. Yafei Ji
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luning Xia .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain

    Javier Lopez

  2. Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom

    Chris J. Mitchell

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Jia, S., Xia, L., Wang, Z., Lin, J., Zhang, G., Ji, Y. (2015). Extracting Robust Keys from NAND Flash Physical Unclonable Functions. In: Lopez, J., Mitchell, C. (eds) Information Security. ISC 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9290. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23318-5_24

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23318-5_24

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