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Beneficial Microorganisms in Medical and Health Applications pp 101–130Cite as

Immune Modulation by Probiotics

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Part of the book series: Microbiology Monographs ((MICROMONO,volume 28))

Abstract

Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms, which when administered in adequate amounts confer health benefits on the host. Lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium strains are the most common groups of bacteria with claimed probiotic properties. These bacterial strains have been conventionally incorporated into food and beverage products as dietary adjuncts, aimed at promoting gastrointestinal health. Meanwhile, a growing number of studies have also revealed that probiotic strains could exert beneficial health effects beyond the gut, mainly attributed to their peculiar immunomodulatory properties. Probiotic strains are capable of modulating the innate and adaptive immune response through both immunostimulation and immunoregulation and can thereby exert prophylactic and therapeutic effects on the host. Indeed, experimental evidences have demonstrated that administration of live probiotics and/or probiotic-derived products can be potentially applied in the prevention and/or treatment of a wide range of non-gastrointestinal diseases, such as metabolic disorders, allergic and inflammatory skin disorders, respiratory diseases, osteoporosis, male hypogonadism, and rheumatoid arthritis. However, more clinical trials on the efficacy of different probiotic strains in the prevention and treatment of these health conditions are needed to generate more definitive results. The exact mechanisms by which specific probiotic strains can stimulate and/or regulate immune functions remain to be elucidated. Nonetheless, recent advances in biotechnology have provided rapid ways to explore possible immunomodulatory mechanisms of probiotics. Altogether, this chapter provides a succinct summary of the updated evidence on the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics and discusses their possible mechanisms of action. This chapter also presents the future directions to promote a better understanding of the underlying immunomodulatory actions of probiotics.

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  1. Department of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, South Korea

    Peilei Tan, Juyoung Eor & Saehun Kim

  2. Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, South Korea

    Taehoon Chun

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  1. Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Industrial Technology, Penang, Malaysia

    Min-Tze Liong

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Tan, P., Eor, J., Chun, T., Kim, S. (2015). Immune Modulation by Probiotics. In: Liong, MT. (eds) Beneficial Microorganisms in Medical and Health Applications. Microbiology Monographs, vol 28. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23213-3_5

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