Abstract
All anatomic pathology diagnostic categories include one that infers that the patient has little if any risk of a significant disease. Cytologic terminology systems conform to that convention, although identifying cellular criteria that fit into that category can be challenging. The primary goal of The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (The Paris System) is to define changes that place the patient at significant risk for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC). The Paris System has adopted the philosophy that so long as a cause of cellular alterations can be identified and the cause is not life threatening, then the cellular sample belongs in the Negative for HGUC (NHGUC) category. Furthermore, since there also may be changes suggesting or indicating low-grade urothelial neoplasia (LGUN), the sample may still be placed in the Negative category, noting the additional possibility of LGUN. Certainly, if another neoplasm beside LGUN is present, that also will be indicated in the diagnostic decision for the patient.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Rosenthal DL, Vandenbussche CJ, Burroughs FH, Sathiyamoorthy S, Guan H, Owens C. The Johns Hopkins Hospital template for urologic cytology samples: part I-creating the template. Cancer Cytopathol. 2013;121:15–20.
Wojcik EM. What should not be reported as atypia in urine cytology. J Am Soc Cytopathol. 2015;4:30–6.
Harris MJ, Schwinn CP, Morrow JW, Gray RL, Browell BM. Exfoliative cytology of the urinary bladder irrigation specimen. Acta Cytol. 1971;15:385–99.
Hughes JH, Raab SS, Cohen MB. The cytologic diagnosis of low-grade transitional cell carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol. 2000;114(Suppl):S59–67.
Raab SS, Slagel DD, Jensen CS, Teague MW, Savell VH, Ozkutlu D, et al. Low-grade transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: application of select cytologic criteria to improve diagnostic accuracy [corrected]. Mod Pathol. 1996;9:225–32.
Raab SS, Lenel JC, Cohen MB. Low grade transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Cytologic diagnosis by key features as identified by logistic regression analysis. Cancer. 1994;74:1621–6.
Wojcik EM, Brownlie RJ, Bassler TJ, Miller MC. Superficial urothelial (umbrella) cells. A potential cause of abnormal DNA ploidy results in urine specimens. Anal Quant Cytol Histol. 2000;22:411–5.
Zhou AG, Hutchinson LM, Cosar EF. Urine cytopathology and ancillary methods. Surg Pathol Clin. 2014;7:77–88.
Reynolds JP, Voss JS, Kipp BR, Karnes RJ, Nassar A, Clayton AC, et al. Comparison of urine cytology and fluorescence in situ hybridization in upper urothelial tract samples. Cancer Cytopathol. 2014;122:459–67.
Barkan GA, Wojcik EM. Genitourinary cytopathology (kidney and urinary tract). Cancer Treat Res. 2014;160:149–83.
Onur I, Rosenthal DL, VandenBussche CJ. Benign-appearing urothelial tissue fragments in noninstrumented voided urine specimens are associated with low rates of urothelial neoplasia. Cancer Cytopathol. 2015;123:180–5.
Onur I, Rosenthal DL, VandenBussche CJ. Atypical urothelial tissue fragments in noninstrumented voided urine specimens are associated with low but significantly higher rates of urothelial neoplasia than benign-appearing urothelial tissue fragments. Cancer Cytopathol. 2015;123:186–92.
McCrosky Z, Kliethermes S, Bahar B, Barkan GA, Pambuccian SE, Wojcik E. Is a consistent cytologic diagnosis of low-grade urothelial carcinoma in instrumented urinary tract cytologic specimens possible? J Am Soc Cytopathol. 2015;4:90–7.
Blacher EJ, Johnson DE, Abdul-Karmim FW, Ayala AG. Squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis. Urology. 1985;25:124–6.
Li MK, Cheung WL. Squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis. J Urol. 1987;138:269–71.
Katz R, Gofrit ON, Golijanin D, Landau EH, Shapiro A, Pode D, Meretyk S. Urothelial cancer of the renal pelvis in percutaneous nephrolithotomy patients. Urol Int. 2005;75:17–20.
Yeh CC, Lin TH, Wu HC, Chang CH, Chen CC, Chen WC. A high association of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma with nonfunctioning kidney caused by stone disease in Taiwan. Urol Int. 2007;79:19–23.
Pinto M, Dobson S. BK and JC virus: a review. J Infect. 2014;68 Suppl 1:S2–8.
Paquette C, Elhosseiny A. Significance of polyomavirus detection in urine cytology: an update. Diagn Histopathol. 2012;18:321–6.
Koss LG. On decoy cells. Acta Cytol. 2005;49:233–4.
Koss LG. Diagnostic cytology and its histopathologic bases. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott; 1968. p. 653.
Wojcik EM, Miller MC, Wright BC, Veltri RW, O’Dowd GJ. Comparative analysis of DNA content in polyomavirus-infected urothelial cells, urothelial dysplasia and high grade transitional cell carcinoma. Anal Quant Cytol Histol. 1997;19:430–6.
Bakhos R, Shankey TV, Flanigan RC, Fisher S, Wojcik EM. Comparative analysis of DNA flow cytometry and cytology of bladder washings: review of discordant cases. Diagn Cytopathol. 2000;22:65–9.
Halling KC, Kipp BR. Bladder cancer detection using FISH (UroVysion assay). Adv Anat Pathol. 2008;15:279–86.
Ali-El-Dein B, El-Tabey N, Abdel-Latif M, Abdel-Rahim M, El-Bahnasawy MS. Late uro-ileal cancer after incorporation of ileum into the urinary tract. J Urol. 2002;167:84–8.
Brimo F, Vollmer RT, Case B, Aprikian A, Kassouf W, Auger M. Accuracy of urine cytology and the significance of an atypical category. Am J Clin Pathol. 2009;132:785–93.
Raab SS, Grzybicki DM, Vrbin CM, Geisinger KR. Urine cytology discrepancies: frequency, causes, and outcomes. Am J Clin Pathol. 2007;127:946–53.
Raab SS, Booth CN, Jones JS. Urine cytology. In: Hansel DE, McKenney JK, Stephenson AJ, Chang SS, editors. The urinary tract: a comprehensive guide to patient diagnosis and management. New York: Springer; 2012. p. 293–310.
Ajit D, Dighe SB, Desai SB. Cytology of lleal conduit urine in bladder cancer patients: diagnostic utility and pitfalls. Acta Cytol. 2006;50:70–3.
Cimino-Mathews A, Ali SZ. The clinicopathologic correlates of cellular atypia in urinary cytology of ileal neobladders. Acta Cytol. 2011;55:449–54.
Koss LG, Hoda RS. Cytologic manifestations of benign disorders affecting cells of the lower urinary tract. In: Koss LG, Hoda RS, editors. Koss’s cytology of the urinary tract with histopathology correlations. New York: Springer; 2012. p. 47–71.
Galed-Placed I, Valbuena-Ruvira L. Decoy cells and malignant cells coexisting in the urine from a transplant recipient with BK virus nephropathy and bladder adenocarcinoma. Diagn Cytopathol. 2011;39:933–7.
Geetha D, Tong BC, Racusen L, Markowitz JS, Westra WH. Bladder carcinoma in a transplant recipient: evidence to implicate the BK human polyomavirus as a causal transforming agent. Transplantation. 2002;73:1933–6.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rosenthal, D.L., Cohen, M.B., Guan, H., Owens, C.L., Tokuda, Y., Wojcik, E.M. (2016). Negative for High-Grade Urothelial Carcinoma (Negative). In: Rosenthal, D., Wojcik, E., Kurtycz, D. (eds) The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22864-8_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22864-8_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-22863-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-22864-8
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)