Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Protein Nanopatterning

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Carbon Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Biomaterials Science and Engineering ((SSBSE,volume 5))

Abstract

Enzymes and globular proteins are highly optimized to perform reactions, transport charges, or convert energy with efficiencies, rates, gentle operating conditions, and molecular-level specificity that often exceed synthetic materials. Research in recent decades has focused on harnessing and enhancing the potential of proteins to develop novel biodegradable and renewable biofunctional materials for a myriad of biotechnological applications. Some examples that attest to the diversity and utility of enzymes include their use in the development of molecular sensors; biocatalysis in the pharmaceutical, synthetic chemistry, and food industries; biocatalytic devices for carbon sequestration, carbon dioxide reduction, and hydrogen production; biofuel cells; light-harvesting materials for bioelectronics and energy applications; and biomedical applications such as tissue engineering. Protein nanopatterning is a method by which proteins are immobilized in an environment that preserves the protein structure and function while enabling the position, orientation, and density of proteins to be controlled to improve material performance. Three broad approaches to nanopatterning are typically employed—lithography-based techniques, templated self-assembly, and the direct self-assembly of proteins using fusions or proteins conjugated to structure-directing elements. This chapter aims to provide a tutorial overview of the repertoire of protein-patterning techniques at a researcher’s disposal, highlighting the merits of each approach to patterning proteins at the nanometer length scale and their corresponding applications and engineering trade-offs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. K.M. Koeller, C.-H. Wong, Nature 409, 232 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. P.D. Laible, R.F. Kelley, M.R. Wasielewski, M.A. Firestone, J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 23679 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. N. Kumar, O. Parajuli, A. Dorfman, D. Kipp, J.I. Hahm, Langmuir 23, 7416 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. A.L. Ghindilis, P. Atanasov, E. Wilkins, Electroanal 9, 661 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. J. Barber, Chem. Soc. Rev. 38, 185 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. T.D. Bugg, Introduction to Enzyme and Coenzyme Chemistry (Wiley, Chicheste, 2012)

    Google Scholar 

  7. S.G. Burton, D.A. Cowan, J.M. Woodley, Nat. Biotechnol. 20, 37 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. M.P. Blaustein, W.J. Lederer, Physiol. Rev. 79, 763 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  9. B. Green, D. Durnford, Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 47, 685 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. E.A. Padlan, Mol. Immunol. 31, 169 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. A. Heller, J. Phys. Chem. 96, 3579 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. O. Yehezkeli, Y.-M. Yan, I. Baravik, R. Tel-Vered, I. Willner, Chem. Eur. J. 15, 2674 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. G.F. Drevon, A.J. Russell, Biomacromolecules 1, 571 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. A.J. Russell, J.A. Berberich, G.F. Drevon, R.R. Koepsel, Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 5, 1 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. A.L. Simonian, J.K. Grimsley, A.W. Flounders, J.S. Schoeniger, T.-C. Cheng, J.J. DeFrank, J.R. Wild, Anal. Chim. Acta 442, 15 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. R.N. Patel, Coord. Chem. Rev. 252, 659 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. F. Hasan, A.A. Shah, A. Hameed, Enzyme Microb. Tech. 39, 235 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. A. Schmid, J. Dordick, B. Hauer, A. Kiener, M. Wubbolts, B. Witholt, Nature 409, 258 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. H.E. Schoemaker, D. Mink, M.G. Wubbolts, Science 299, 1694 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. A.J. Straathof, S. Panke, A. Schmid, Curr. Opin. Biotech. 13, 548 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. O. Kirk, T.V. Borchert, C.C. Fuglsang, Curr. Opin. Biotech. 13, 345 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. N. Favre, M.L. Christ, A.C. Pierre, J. Mol. Catal. B: Enzym. 60, 163 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. T. Reda, C.M. Plugge, N.J. Abram, J. Hirst, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 105, 10654 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. B.A. Parkinson, P.F. Weaver, Nature 309, 148 (1984)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. S. Kuwabata, R. Tsuda, H. Yoneyama, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 5437 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. A.A. Karyakin, S.V. Morozov, E.E. Karyakina, S.D. Varfolomeyev, N.A. Zorin, S. Cosnier, Electrochem. Commun. 4, 417 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. M. Hambourger, M. Gervaldo, D. Svedruzic, P.W. King, D. Gust, M. Ghirardi, A.L. Moore, T.A. Moore, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 2015.(2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. H. Krassen, A. Schwarze, B. Friedrich, K. Ataka, O. Lenz, J. Heberle, ACS Nano 3, 4055 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. S.D. Minteer, B.Y. Liaw, M.J. Cooney, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 18, 228 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. D. Leech, P. Kavanagh, W. Schuhmann, Electrochim. Acta 84, 223 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. R.J. Cogdell, A. Gall, J. Kohler, Q. Rev. Biophys. 39, 227 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. R. Das, P.J. Kiley, M. Segal, J. Norville, A.A. Yu, L. Wang, S.A. Trammell, L.E. Reddick, R. Kumar, F. Stellacci, N. Lebedev, J. Schnur, B.D. Bruce, S. Zhang, M. Baldo, Nano Lett. 4, 1079 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. J.W. Choi, M. Fujihira, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 2187 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. D. Falconnet, G. Csucs, H. Michelle Grandin, M. Textor, Biomaterials 27, 3044 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. J. Vörös, T. Blättler, M. Textor, MRS Bull. 30, 202 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. K. Nakanishi, T. Sakiyama, K. Imamura, J. Biosci. Bioeng. 91, 233 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. S. Hudson, E. Magner, J. Cooney, B.K. Hodnett, J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 19496 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. F. Rusmini, Z.Y. Zhong, J. Feijen, Biomacromolecules 8, 1775 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. W. Tischer, F. Wedekind, Immobilized enzymes: methods and applications. Biocatalysis - From Discovery to Application (Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999) pp 95–126, p. 95

    Google Scholar 

  40. I. Willner, E. Katz, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 39, 1180 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. L.S. Wong, F. Khan, J. Micklefield, Chem. Rev. 109, 4025 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. K. Hernandez, R. Fernandez-Lafuente, Enzym. Microb. Tech. 48, 107 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. M. Minier, M. Salmain, N. Yacoubi, L. Barbes, C. Methivier, S. Zanna, C.M. Pradier, Langmuir 21, 5957 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. M.T. Neves-Petersen, T. Snabe, S. Klitgaard, M. Duroux, S.B. Petersen, Protein Sci. 15, 343 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. M.S. Belluzo, M.E. Ribone, C. Camussone, I.S. Marcipar, C.M. Lagier, Anal. Biochem. 408, 86 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. C.A. Godoy, O. Romero, B. de la Rivas, C. Mateo, G. Fernandez-Lorente, J.M. Guisan, J.M. Palomo, J. Mol. Catal. B-Enzym. 87, 121 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. J.M. Bolivar, J. Rocha-Martin, C. Mateo, F. Cava, J. Berenguer, D. Vega, R. Fernandez-Lafuente, J.M. Guisan, J. Mol. Catal. B-Enzym. 58, 158 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. V. Grazu, F. Lopez-Gallego, T. Montes, O. Abian, R. Gonzalez, J.A. Hermoso, J.L. Garcia, C. Mateo, J.M. Guisan, Process Biochem. 45, 390 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. C. Mateo, O. Abian, G. Fernandez-Lorente, J. Pedroche, R. Fernandez-Lafuente, J.M. Guisan, Biotechnol. Progr. 18, 629 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. M. Gonzalez, L.A. Bagatolli, I. Echabe, J.L.R. Arrondo, C.E. Argarana, C.R. Cantor, G.D. Fidelio, J. Biol. Chem. 272, 11288 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. T. Hoshi, J. Anzai, T. Osa, Anal. Chem. 67, 770 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. P. Pantano, W.G. Kuhr, Anal. Chem. 65, 623 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. S.V. Rao, K.W. Anderson, L.G. Bachas, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 65, 389 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. J. Kim, J.W. Grate, P. Wang, Chem. Eng. Sci. 61, 1017 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. S.D. Minteer, Methods and Protocols, vol. 679. Series: Methods in Molecular Biology, (Springer, Heidelberg, 2010)

    Google Scholar 

  56. F. Rusmini, Z. Zhong, J. Feijen, Biomacromolecules 8, 1775 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. D. Brady, J. Jordaan, Biotechnol. Lett. 31, 1639 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. A. Sassolas, L.J. Blum, B.D. Leca-Bouvier, Biotechnol. Adv. 30, 489 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. U. Hanefeld, L. Gardossi, E. Magner, Chem. Soc. Rev. 38, 453 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. W. Lee, D. Choi, Y. Lee, D.-N. Kim, J. Park, W.-G. Koh, Sens. Actuators B 129, 841 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. H. Sorribas, C. Padeste, L. Tiefenauer, Biomaterials 23, 893 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. P.S. Petrou, M. Chatzichristidi, A.M. Douvas, P. Argitis, K. Misiakos, S.E. Kakabakos, Biosens. Bioelectron. 22, 1994(2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. K.L. Christman, V.D. Enriquez-Rios, H.D. Maynard, Soft Matter 2, 928 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. A.W. Flounders, D.L. Brandon, A.H. Bates, Biosens. Bioelectron. 12, 447 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. A.S. Blawas, W.M. Reichert, Biomaterials 19, 595 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. J.F. Mooney, A.J. Hunt, J.R. McIntosh, C.A. Liberko, D.M. Walba, C.T. Rogers, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 93, 12287 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. A. Douvas, P. Argitis, C.D. Diakoumakos, K. Misiakos, D. Dimotikali, S.E. Kakabakos, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 19, 2820 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Y. Lee, S. Park, S.W. Han, T.G. Lim, W.G. Koh, Biosens. Bioelectron. 35, 243 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. D.J. Pritchard, H. Morgan, J.M. Cooper, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 34, 91 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. D.J. Pritchard, H. Morgan, J.M. Cooper, Anal. Chem. 67, 3605 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. P. Bhatnagar, G.G. Malliaras, I. Kim, C.A. Batt, Adv. Mater. 22, 1242 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. G. Tizazu, O. el Zubir, S. Patole, A. McLaren, C. Vasilev, D. Mothersole, A. Adawi, C.N. Hunter, D. Lidzey, G. Lopez, G. Leggett, Biointerphases 7, 1 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. S.K. Bhatia, L.C. Shriver-Lake, K.J. Prior, J.H. Georger, J.M. Calvert, R. Bredehorst, F.S. Ligler, Anal. Biochem. 178, 408 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. L.M. Lee, R.L. Heimark, R. Guzman, J.C. Baygents, Y. Zohar, Lab Chip 6, 1080 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. L.M. Lee, R.L. Heimark, J.C. Baygents, Y. Zohar, Nanotechnology 17, S29 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. M. Kim, J.-C. Choi, H.-R. Jung, J.S. Katz, M.-G. Kim, J. Doh, Langmuir 26, 12112 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. M. Dubey, K. Emoto, H. Takahashi, D.G. Castner, D.W. Grainger, Adv. Funct. Mater. 19, 3046 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. S. Lenci, L. Tedeschi, F. Pieri, C. Domenici, Appl. Surf. Sci. 257, 8413 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. R. Ganesan, K. Kratz, A. Lendlein, J. Mater. Chem. 20, 7322 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. D.-S. Shin, K.-N. Lee, K.-H. Jang, J.-K. Kim, W.-J. Chung, Y.-K. Kim, Y.-S. Lee, Biosens. Bioelectron. 19, 485 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. K.-N. Lee, Y.-K. Kim, J. Semicond. Technol. Sci. 1, 132 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  82. K.-N. Lee, D.-S. Shin, Y.-S. Lee, Y.-K. Kim, J. Micromech. Microeng. 13, 18 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. M. Hengsakul, A.E. Cass, Bioconjugate Chem. 7, 249 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. I.S. Carrico, S.A. Maskarinec, S.C. Heilshorn, M.L. Mock, J.C. Liu, P.J. Nowatzki, C. Franck, G. Ravichandran, D.A. Tirrell, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 4874 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. C.R. Toh, T.A. Fraterman, D.A. Walker, R.C. Bailey, Langmuir 25, 8894 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. T.A. Martin, S.R. Caliari, P.D. Williford, B.A. Harley, R.C. Bailey, Biomaterials 32, 3949 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. M.J. Lercel, C.S. Whelan, H.G. Craighead, K. Seshadri, D.L. Allara, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B: Microelectron. Nanometer Struct. 14, 4085 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. A.N. Broers, IBM J. Res. Dev. 32, 502 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. L.R. Harriott, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 15, 2130 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. N. Samoto, A. Yoshida, H. Takano, A. Endo, T. Fukui, J. Microlith. Microfab. 4, 2005

    Google Scholar 

  91. J.P. Spallas, C.S. Silver, L.P. Muray, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 24, 2892 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. T. Haraguchi, T. Sakazaki, S. Hamaguchi, H. Yasuda, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 20, 2726 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. T. Powell, J.Y. Yoon, Biotechnol. Progr. 22, 106 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. F.A. Denis, A. Pallandre, B. Nysten, A.M. Jonas, C.C. Dupont-Gillain, Small 1, 984 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. A. Pallandre, B. De Meersman, F. Blondeau, B. Nysten, A.M. Jonas, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 4320 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. P. Emsley, I.G. Charles, N.F. Fairweather, N.W. Isaacs, Nature 381, 90–92 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  97. J. Rundqvist, J.H. Hoh, D.B. Haviland, Langmuir 22, 5100 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. R. Schlapak, J. Danzberger, T. Haselgrubler, P. Hinterdorfer, F. Schaffler, S. Howorka, Nano Lett. 2012, 12, (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  99. P.A. Kunzi, J. Lussi, L. Aeschimann, G. Danuser, M. Textor, N.F. de Rooij, U. Staufer, Microelectron. Eng. 78–79, 582 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. J.W. Lussi, C. Tang, P.A. Kuenzi, U. Staufer, G. Csucs, J. Voros, G. Danuser, J.A. Hubbell, M. Textor, Nanotechnology 16, 1781 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. S. Kumagai, S. Yoshii, K. Yamada, I. Fujiwara, N. Matsukawa, I. Yamashita, J. Photopolym. Sci. Technol. 18, 495 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. C.K. Harnett, K.M. Satyalakshmi, H.G. Craighead, Langmuir 17, 178 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  103. J. Abramson, M. Palma, S.J. Wind, J. Hone, Adv. Mater. 24, 2207 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. K.L. Christman, E. Schopf, R.M. Broyer, R.C. Li, Y. Chen, H.D. Maynard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 521 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. C.M. Kolodziej, H.D. Maynard, Chem. Mater. 24, 774 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  106. S. Borini, S. D'Auria, M. Rossi, A.M. Rossi, Lab Chip 5, 1048 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  107. D.S. Ginger, H. Zhang, C.A. Mirkin, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43, 30 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  108. R.D. Piner, J. Zhu, F. Xu, S.H. Hong, C.A. Mirkin, Science 283, 661 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  109. J.Y. Jang, G.C. Schatz, M.A. Ratner, J. Chem. Phys. 116, 3875 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. J. Jang, G.C. Schatz, M.A. Ratner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 156104 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  111. J.Y. Jang, G.C. Schatz, M.A. Ratner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 085504-1–085504-4 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  112. B.L. Weeks, M.W. Vaughn, J.J. DeYoreo, Langmuir 21, 8096 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  113. B.L. Weeks, J.J. DeYoreo, J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 10231 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  114. M.G. Boyle, J. Mitra, P. Dawson, Nanotechnology 20, 335202 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  115. K. Salaita, A. Amarnath, T.B. Higgins, C.A. Mirkin, Scanning 32, 9 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  116. P.V. Schwartz, Langmuir 18, 4041 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  117. C.D. Wu, T.H. Fang, J.F. Lin, Langmuir 26, 3237 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  118. R.G. Sanedrin, N.A. Amro, J. Rendlen, M. Nelson, Nanotechnology 21, 115302 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  119. H. Kim, J. Jang, J. Phys. Chem. A 113, 4313 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  120. J.Y. Jang, S.H. Hong, G.C. Schatz, M.A. Ratner, J. Chem. Phys. 115, 2721 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  121. P. Manandhar, J. Jang, G.C. Schatz, M.A. Ratner, S. Hong, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 115505-1–115505-4 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  122. J.R. Hampton, A.A. Dameron, P.S. Weiss, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 1648 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  123. H. Brunner, T. Vallant, U. Mayer, H. Hoffmann, B. Basnar, M. Vallant, G. Friedbacher, Langmuir 15, 1899 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  124. C.C. Wu, D.N. Reinhoudt, C. Otto, V. Subramaniam, A.H. Velders, Small 7, 989 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  125. K. Salaita, Y.H. Wang, C.A. Mirkin, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2, 145 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  126. K. Salaita, Y.H. Wang, J. Fragala, R.A. Vega, C. Liu, C.A. Mirkin, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 45, 7220 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  127. K. Salaita, S.W. Lee, X.F. Wang, L. Huang, T.M. Dellinger, C. Liu, C.A. Mirkin, Small 1, 940 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  128. J. Haaheim, O.A. Nafday, Scanning 30, 137 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  129. D. Bullen, S.-W. Chung, X. Wang, J. Zou, C.A. Mirkin, C. Liu, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 789 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  130. J.-H. Lim, D.S. Ginger, K.-B. Lee, J. Heo, J.-M. Nam, C.A. Mirkin, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 42, 2309 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  131. C.C. Wu, H.P. Xu, C. Otto, D.N. Reinhoudt, R.G.H. Lammertink, J. Huskens, V. Subramaniam, A.H. Velders, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 7526 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  132. J.M. Nam, S.W. Han, K.B. Lee, X.G. Liu, M.A. Ratner, C.A. Mirkin, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43, 1246 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  133. A.J. Senesi, D.I. Rozkiewicz, D.N. Reinhoudt, C.A. Mirkin, ACS Nano 3, 2394 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  134. K.-B. Lee, J.-H. Lim, C.A. Mirkin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 5588 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  135. E. Bellido, R. de Miguel, D. Ruiz-Molina, A. Lostao, D. Maspoch, Adv. Mater. 22, 352 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  136. K.B. Lee, S.J. Park, C.A. Mirkin, J.C. Smith, M. Mrksich, Science 295, 1702 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  137. J. Hyun, S.J. Ahn, W.K. Lee, A. Chilkoti, S. Zauscher, Nano Lett. 2, 1203 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  138. T. Rakickas, M. Gavutis, A. Reichel, J. Piehler, B. Liedberg, R. Valiokas, Nano Lett. 8, 3369 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  139. J.C. Smith, K.B. Lee, Q. Wang, M.G. Finn, J.E. Johnson, M. Mrksich, C.A. Mirkin, Nano Lett. 3, 883 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  140. C.C. Wu, D.N. Reinhoudt, C. Otto, A.H. Velders, V. Subramaniam, ACS Nano 4, 1083 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  141. P. Vettiger, G. Cross, M. Despont, U. Drechsler, U. Durig, B. Gotsmann, W. Haberle, M.A. Lantz, H.E. Rothuizen, R. Stutz, G.K. Binnig, IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. 1, 39 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  142. J. Zou, D. Bullen, X.F. Wang, C. Liu, C.A. Mirkin, Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 581 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  143. X.F. Wang, D.A. Bullen, J. Zou, C. Liu, C.A. Mirkin, J. Vac. Sc.i Technol. B 22, 2563 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  144. D. Bullen, C. Liu, Sens. Actuators A-Phys. 125, 504 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  145. X.F. Wang, C. Liu, Nano Lett. 5, 1867 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  146. Z.J. Zheng, W.L. Daniel, L.R. Giam, F.W. Huo, A.J. Senesi, G.F. Zheng, C.A. Mirkin, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 48, 7626 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  147. H. Zhang, R. Elghanian, N.A. Amro, S. Disawal, R. Eby, Nano Lett. 4, 1649 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  148. X. Liao, A.B. Braunschweig, Z.J. Zheng, C.A. Mirkin, Small 6, 1082 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  149. F.W. Huo, Z.J. Zheng, G.F. Zheng, L.R. Giam, H. Zhang, C.A. Mirkin, Science 321, 1658 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  150. X. Liao, A.B. Braunschweig, C.A. Mirkin, Nano Lett. 10, 1335 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  151. A.B. Braunschweig, F.W. Huo, C.A. Mirkin, Nat. Chem. 1, 353 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  152. K.A. Brown, D.J. Eichelsdoerfer, W. Shim, B. Rasin, B. Radha, X. Liao, A.L. Schmucker, G. Liu, C.A. Mirkin, Proc Natl Acad. Sci. U S A 110, 12921 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  153. T. W. Kenny, Tip-Based Nanofabrication (TBN), BAA No. 07-59, US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Arlington (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  154. G.-Y. Liu, S. Xu, Y. Qian, Acc. Chem. Res. 33, 457 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  155. S. Xu, S. Miller, P.E. Laibinis, G. Liu, Langmuir 15, 7244 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  156. T. Tian, Z. M. LeJeune, W. K. Serem, J.-J. Yu, J. C. Garno, in Tip-Based Nanofabrication: Fundamentals and Applications, ed. by A.A. Tseng (Springer, New York, 2011)

    Google Scholar 

  157. M.A. Case, G.L. McLendon, Y. Hu, T.K. Vanderlick, G. Scoles, Nano Lett. 3, 425 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  158. Y. Hu, A. Das, M.H. Hecht, G. Scoles, Langmuir 21, 9103 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  159. D. Zhou, X. Wang, L. Birch, T. Rayment, C. Abell, Langmuir 19, 10557 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  160. K. Wadu-Mesthrige, S. Xu, N.A. Amro, G. Liu, Langmuir 15, 8580 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  161. K. Wadu-Mesthrige, N.A. Amro, J.C. Garno, S. Xu, G. Liu, Biophys. J. 80, 1891 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  162. J.R. Kenseth, J.A. Harnisch, V.W. Jones, M.D. Porter, Langmuir 17, 4105 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  163. G.-Y. Liu, N.A. Amro, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 99, 5165 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  164. C.-H. Jang, B.D. Stevens, R. Phillips, M.A. Calter, W.A. Ducker, Nano Lett. 3, 691 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  165. F. Bano, L. Fruk, B. Sanavio, M. Glettenberg, L. Casalis, C.M. Niemeyer, G. Scoles, Nano Lett. 9, 2614 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  166. Y.H. Tan, M. Liu, B. Nolting, J.G. Go, J. Gervay-Hague, G. Liu, ACS Nano 2, 2374 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  167. T.W. Odom, J.C. Love, D.B. Wolfe, K.E. Paul, G.M. Whitesides, Langmuir 18, 5314 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  168. H.W. Li, B.V.O. Muir, G. Fichet, W.T.S. Huck, Langmuir 19, 1963(2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  169. A. Kumar, G.M. Whitesides, Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 2002(1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  170. S.A. Ruiz, C.S. Chen, Soft Matter 3, 168 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  171. B.D. Gates, Q.B. Xu, J.C. Love, D.B. Wolfe, G.M. Whitesides, Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 34, 339 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  172. B.D. Gates, Q.B. Xu, M. Stewart, D. Ryan, C.G. Willson, G.M. Whitesides, Chem. Rev. 105, 1171 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  173. A. Bernard, E. Delamarche, H. Schmid, B. Michel, H.R. Bosshard, H. Biebuyck, Langmuir 14, 2225 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  174. A. Bernard, J.P. Renault, B. Michel, H.R. Bosshard, E. Delamarche, Adv. Mater. 12, 1067 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  175. D.I. Rozkiewicz, Y. Kraan, M.W.T. Werten, F.A. de Wolf, V. Subramaniam, B.J. Ravoo, D.N. Reinhoudt, Chem. Eur. J. 12, 6290 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  176. J.D. Gerding, D.M. Willard, A. Van Orden, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 1106 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  177. H.D. Inerowicz, S. Howell, F.E. Regnier, R. Reifenberger, Langmuir 18, 5263 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  178. Y.N. Xia, G.M. Whitesides, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 37, 551 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  179. G. Csucs, T. KĂĽnzler, K. Feldman, F. Robin, N.D. Spencer, Langmuir 19, 6104 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  180. J.P. Renault, A. Bernard, A. Bietsch, B. Michel, H.R. Bosshard, E. Delamarche, M. Kreiter, B. Hecht, U.P. Wild, J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 703 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  181. B.D. Martin, S.L. Brandow, W.J. Dressick, T.L. Schull, Langmuir 16, 9944 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  182. N. Coq, T. van Bommel, R.A. Hikmet, H.R. Stapert, W.U. Dittmer, Langmuir 23, 5154 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  183. D. Falconnet, D. Pasqui, S. Park, R. Eckert, H. Schift, J. Gobrecht, R. Barbucci, M. Textor, Nano Lett. 4, 1909 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  184. J.D. Hoff, L.J. Cheng, E. Meyhofer, L.J. Guo, A.J. Hunt, Nano Lett. 4, 853 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  185. V.N. Truskett, M.P.C. Watts, Trends Biotechnol. 24, 312 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  186. A.A. Bergman, J. Buijs, J. Herbig, D.T. Mathes, J.J. Demarest, C.D. Wilson, C.T. Reimann, R.A. Baragiola, R. Hull, S.O. Oscarsson, Langmuir 14, 6785 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  187. L. Ying, Biochem. Soc. Trans. 37, 702 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  188. H. Taha, R.S. Marks, L.A. Gheber, I. Rousso, J. Newman, C. Sukenik, A. Lewis, Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 1041 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  189. O.Y. Loh, A.M. Ho, J.E. Rim, P. Kohli, N.A. Patankar, H.D. Espinosa, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105, 16438 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  190. G. Agarwal, R.R. Naik, M.O. Stone, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 7408 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  191. T. Yoshinobu, J. Suzuki, H. Kurooka, W. Moon, H. Iwasaki, Electrochim. Acta 48, 3131 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  192. J. Gu, C.M. Yam, S. Li, C. Cai, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 8098 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  193. A. Bardea, R. Naaman, Small 5, 316 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  194. A. Bardea, R. Naaman, Langmuir 25, 5451 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  195. R.B. Bhatia, C.J. Brinker, A.K. Gupta, A.K. Singh, Chem. Mater. 12, 2434 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  196. W. Jin, J.D. Brennan, Anal. Chim. Acta 461, 1 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  197. K. Stine, K. Jefferson, O. Shulga in Enzyme Stabilization and Immobilization, vol. 679, ed. by S.D. Minteer (Humana Press, New York, 2011), p. 67

    Google Scholar 

  198. H.A. Klok, S. Lecommandoux, Adv. Mater. 13, 1217 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  199. M. Antonietti, S. Förster, Adv. Mater. 15, 1323 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  200. A.D. Presley, J.J. Chang, T. Xu, Soft Matter 7, 172 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  201. M.B. Cardoso, D. Smolensky, W.T. Heller, K.L. Hong, H. O’Neill, Energ. Environ. Sci. 4, 181 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  202. G. Decher, J.D. Hong, Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem. 95, 1430 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  203. G. Decher, J.D. Hong, Makromol. Chem-M. Symp. 46, 321 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  204. G. Decher, Science 277, 1232 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  205. K. Ariga, J.P. Hill, Q.M. Ji, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 9, 2319 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  206. J. Anzai, Y. Kobayashi, N. Nakamura, M. Nishimura, T. Hoshi, Langmuir 15, 221 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  207. W.B. Stockton, M.F. Rubner, Macromolecules 30, 2717 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  208. G. Decher, J.D. Hong, J. Schmitt, Thin Solid Films 210–211, 831 (1992) (Part 2)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  209. F. Caruso, H. Lichtenfeld, M. Giersig, H. Mohwald, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120, 8523 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  210. G.B. Sukhorukov, E. Donath, H. Lichtenfeld, E. Knippel, M. Knippel, A. Budde, H. Mohwald, Colloid. Surf. A 137, 253 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  211. M.L. Macdonald, R.E. Samuel, N.J. Shah, R.F. Padera, Y.M. Beben, P.T. Hammond, Biomaterials 32, 1446 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  212. S. Bharadwaj, R. Montazeri, D.T. Haynie, Langmuir 22, 6093 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  213. C.B. Bucur, Z. Sui, J.B. Schlenoff, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 13690 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  214. C.L. Cooper, P.L. Dubin, A.B. Kayitmazer, S. Turksen, Curr. Opini. Colloid Interface Sci. 10, 52 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  215. Y. Lvov, H. Möhwald, Protein Architecture: Interfacing Molecular Assemblies and Immobilization Biotechnology (CRC Press LLC, New York, 2000)

    Google Scholar 

  216. Y. Lvov, K. Ariga, I. Ichinose, T. Kunitake, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 6117 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  217. J. Hodak, R. Etchenique, E.J. Calvo, K. Singhal, P.N. Bartlett, Langmuir 13, 2708 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  218. J.P. Santos, E.R. Welsh, B.P. Gaber, A. Singh, Langmuir 17, 5361 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  219. Q. Xing, S.R. Eadula, Y.M. Lvov, Biomacromolecules 8, 1987(2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  220. S. Disawal, H.H. Qiu, B.B. Elmore, Y.M. Lvov, Colloid Surf. B 32, 145 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  221. Y.M. Lvov, Z.Q. Lu, J.B. Schenkman, X.L. Zu, J.F. Rusling, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120, 4073 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  222. Y.L. Zhou, Z. Li, N.F. Hu, Y.H. Zeng, J.F. Rusling, Langmuir 18, 8573 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  223. P.L. He, N.F. Hu, J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 13144 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  224. Y. Hu, N.F. Hu, J. Phys. Chem. B 112, 9523 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  225. K. Yoshida, K. Sato, J. Anzai, J. Mater. Chem. 20, 1546 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  226. J. Schmitt, T. Grunewald, G. Decher, P.S. Pershan, K. Kjaer, M. Losche, Macromolecules 26, 7058 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  227. L. Kolarik, D.N. Furlong, H. Joy, C. Struijk, R. Rowe, Langmuir 15, 8265 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  228. S.S. Shiratori, M.F. Rubner, Macromolecules 33, 4213 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  229. Y. Hu, N. Hu, J. Phys. Chem. B 112, 9523 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  230. T. Crouzier, K. Ren, C. Nicolas, C. Roy, C. Picart, Small 5, 598 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  231. Z.J. Song, J.B. Yin, K. Luo, Y.Z. Zheng, Y. Yang, Q. Li, S.F. Yan, X.S. Chen, Macromol. Biosci. 9, 268 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  232. L. Derbal, H. Lesot, J.C. Voegel, V. Ball, Biomacromolecules 4, 1255 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  233. O.P. Tiourina, G.B. Sukhorukov, Int. J. Pharmaceut. 242, 155 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  234. A. Khademhosseini, K.Y. Suh, J.M. Yang, G. Eng, J. Yeh, S. Levenberg, R. Langer, Biomaterials 25, 3583 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  235. K.Y. Cai, A. Rechtenbach, J.Y. Hao, J. Bossert, K.D. Jandt, Biomaterials 26, 5960 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  236. L. Ma, J. Zhou, C.Y. Gao, J.C. Shen, J. Biomed. Mater. Res B 83B, 285 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  237. V. Zucolotto, A.P.A. Pinto, T. Tumolo, M.L. Moraes, M.S. Baptista, A. Riul, A.P.U. Araujo, O.N. Oliveira, Biosens. Bioelectron. 21, 1320 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  238. M. Ferreira, P.A. Fiorito, O.N. Oliveira, S.I.C. de Torresi, Biosens. Bioelectron. 19, 1611 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  239. J. Van der Gucht, E. Spruijt, M. Lemmers, M.A. Cohen Stuart, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 361, 407 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  240. M.A.C. Stuart, N.A.M. Besseling, R.G. Fokkink, Langmuir 14, 6846 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  241. A.V. Kabanov, V.A. Kabanov, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 30, 49 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  242. Y. Lee, S. Fukushima, Y. Bae, S. Hiki, T. Ishii, K. Kataoka, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 5362 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  243. S. Lindhoud, R. de Vries, W. Norde, M.A. Cohen Stuart, Biomacromolecules 8, 2219 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  244. I.K. Voets, A. de Keizer, M.A.C. Stuart, Adv. Colloid Interfac. 147–148, 300 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  245. G. Roman, M. Martin, P.S. Joachim, Nanotechnology 14, 1153 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  246. Y.G. Cai, B.M. Ocko, Langmuir 21, 9274 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  247. D. Batra, S. Vogt, P.D. Laible, M.A. Firestone, Langmuir 21, 10301 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  248. B. Kim, C.N. Lam, B.D. Olsen, Macromolecules 45, 4572 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  249. M.J. Fasolka, A.M. Mayes, Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. 31, 323 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  250. R.A. Segalman, Mat. Sci. Eng. R 48, 191 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  251. F.S. Bates, G.H. Fredrickson, Phys. Today 52, 32 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  252. J.N.L. Albert, T.H. Epps, Mater. Today 13, 24 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  253. W. Gu, S.W. Hong, T.P. Russell, ACS Nano 6, 10250 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  254. N. Kumar, J.I. Hahm, Langmuir 21, 6652 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  255. N. Kumar, O. Parajuli, J.I. Hahm, J. Phys. Chem. B 111, 4581 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  256. N. Kumar, O. Parajuli, A. Gupta, J.I. Hahm, Langmuir 24, 2688 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  257. K.H.A. Lau, J. Bang, D.H. Kim, W. Knoll, Adv. Funct. Mater. 18, 3148 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  258. K.H.A. Lau, J. Bang, C.J. Hawker, D.H. Kim, W. Knoll, Biomacromolecules 10, 1061 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  259. M. Matsusaki, M. Omichi, K. Kadowaki, B.H. Kim, S.O. Kim, I. Maruyama, M. Akashi, Chem. Commun. 46 1911 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  260. D. Bucknall Nanolithography and Patterning Techniques in Microelectronics (Woodhead Publishing Limited, Abington; CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2005)

    Google Scholar 

  261. J. Bang, U. Jeong, D.Y. Ryu, T.P. Russell, C.J. Hawker, Adv. Mater. 21, 4769 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  262. O. Parajuli, A. Gupta, N. Kumar, J.I. Hahm, J. Phys. Chem. B 111, 14022 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  263. S. Sheng, M. Marissa, Z. Hebing, L. Thomas, H. Mark, H. Jong-in, Nanotechnology 24, 095601 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  264. H. Elbs, C. Drummer, V. Abetz, G. Krausch, Macromolecules 35, 5570 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  265. M. Winterhalter, Colloid. Surf. A 149, 547 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  266. M.T. Paternostre, M. Roux, J.L. Rigaud, BioChemistry 27, 2668 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  267. W. Meier, C. Nardin, M. Winterhalter, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 39, 4599 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  268. R. Stoenescu, W. Meier Chem. Commun. (Issue 24) 3016 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  269. D.C. Rees, H. Komiya, T.O. Yeates, J.P. Allen, G. Feher, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 58, 607 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  270. M.A. Gauthier, H.-A. Klok, Polym. Chem-UK 1, 1352 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  271. J. Kalia, R.T. Raines, Curr. Org. Chem. 14, 138 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  272. J.C. van Hest, J. Macromol. Sci. Part C: Polym. Rev. 47, 63 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  273. C. Boyer, X. Huang, M.R. Whittaker, V. Bulmus, T.P. Davis, Soft Matter 7, 1599 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  274. K.L. Heredia, H.D. Maynard, Org. Biomol. Chem. 5, 45 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  275. J. Kalia, R.T. Raines, Curr. Org. Chem. 14, 138 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  276. A.J. de Graaf, M. Kooijman, W.E. Hennink, E. Mastrobattista, Bioconjugate Chem. 20, 1281 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  277. E.M. Sletten, C.R. Bertozzi, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 48, 6974 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  278. J.-F. Lutz, H.G. Börner, Prog. Polym. Sci. 33, 1 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  279. K. Matyjaszewski, J.H. Xia, Chem. Rev. 101, 2921 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  280. V. Coessens, T. Pintauer, K. Matyjaszewski, Prog. Polym. Sci. 26, 337 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  281. T.E. Patten, K. Matyjaszewski, Adv. Mater. 10, 901 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  282. K. Matyjaszewski, N.V. Tsarevsky, Nat. Chem. 1, 276 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  283. W.A. Braunecker, K. Matyjaszewski, Prog. Polym. Sci. 32, 93 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  284. G. Moad, E. Rizzardo, S.H. Thang, Aust. J. Chem. 58, 379 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  285. G. Moad, E. Rizzardo, S.H. Thang, Polymer 49, 1079 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  286. G. Moad, E. Rizzardo, S.H. Thang, Aust. J. Chem. 59, 669 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  287. R.B. Grubbs, Polym. Rev. 51, 104 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  288. C.J. Hawker, A.W. Bosman, E. Harth, Chem. Rev. 101, 3661 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  289. D.W. Urry, Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 57, 23 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  290. J.P. Chen, H.J. Yang, A.S. Huffman, Biomaterials 11, 625 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  291. J.P. Chen, A.S. Huffman, Biomaterials 11, 631 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  292. A. Chilkoti, G. Chen, P.S. Stayton, A.S. Hoffman, Bioconjugate Chem. 5, 504 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  293. A.S. Hoffman, P.S. Stayton, T. Shimoboji, G. Chen, Z. Ding, A. Chilkoti, C. Long, M. Miura, J. Chen, T. Park, Macromol Symp, vol. 118 (Huthig & Wepf Verlag, Zug, 1997), p. 553

    Google Scholar 

  294. V. Bulmus, Z. Ding, C.J. Long, P.S. Stayton, A.S. Hoffman, Bioconjugate Chem. 11, 78 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  295. Z. Ding, C.J. Long, Y. Hayashi, E.V. Bulmus, A.S. Hoffman, P.S. Stayton, Bioconjugate Chem. 10, 395 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  296. A.S. Hoffman, Clin. Chem. 46, 1478 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  297. A.S. Hoffman, P.S. Stayton, V. Bulmus, G. Chen, J. Chen, C. Cheung, A. Chilkoti, Z. Ding, L. Dong, R. Fong, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 52, 577 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  298. T. Shimoboji, Z. Ding, P.S. Stayton, A.S. Hoffman, Bioconjugate Chem. 12, 314 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  299. T. Shimoboji, Z.L. Ding, P.S. Stayton, A.S. Hoffman, Bioconjugate Chem. 13, 915 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  300. N. Malmstadt, D.E. Hyre, Z. Ding, A.S. Hoffman, P.S. Stayton, Bioconjugate Chem. 14, 575 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  301. T. Shimoboji, E. Larenas, T. Fowler, S. Kulkarni, A.S. Hoffman, P.S. Stayton, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 99, 16592 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  302. T. Shimoboji, E. Larenas, T. Fowler, A.S. Hoffman, P.S. Stayton, Bioconjugate Chem. 14, 517 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  303. S. Kulkarni, C. Schilli, A.H. MĂĽller, A.S. Hoffman, P.S. Stayton, Bioconjugate Chem. 15, 747 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  304. M. Li, P. De, S.R. Gondi, B.S. Sumerlin, Macromol. Rapid Comm. 29, 1172 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  305. P. De, M. Li, S.R. Gondi, B.S. Sumerlin, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 11288 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  306. M. Li, P. De, H. Li, B.S. Sumerlin, Polym. Chem. 1, 854 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  307. H. Li, M. Li, X. Yu, A.P. Bapat, B.S. Sumerlin, Polym. Chem. 2, 1531 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  308. M. Li, H. Li, P. De, B.S. Sumerlin, Macromol. Rapid Comm. 32, 354 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  309. C. Lavigueur, J.G. Garcia, L. Hendriks, R. Hoogenboom, J.J.L.M. Cornelissen, R.J.M. Nolte, Polym. Chem. 2, 333 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  310. Y. Xia, S. Tang, B.D. Olsen, Chem. Commun. 49, 2566 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  311. I. Gitsov, K.L. Wooley, J.M.J. Frechet, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 31, 1200 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  312. J.C.M. Vanhest, D.A.P. Delnoye, M.W.P.L. Baars, M.H.P. Vangenderen, E.W. Meijer, Science 268, 1592 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  313. J.P. Spatz, S. Mossmer, M. Moller, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed Engl. 35, 1510 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  314. J.J.L.M. Cornelissen, M. Fischer, N.A.J.M. Sommerdijk, R.J.M. Nolte, Science 280, 1427 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  315. A.J. Dirks, S.S. van Berkel, N.S. Hatzakis, J.A. Opsteen, F.L. van Delft, J.J.L.M. Cornelissen, A.E. Rowan, J.C.M. van Hest, F.P.J.T. Rutjes, R.J.M. Nolte, Chem. Commun. (Issue 33) 4172 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  316. M.J. Boerakker, J.M. Hannink, P.H.H. Bomans, P.M. Frederik, R.J.M. Nolte, E.M. Meijer, N. A. J. M. Sommerdijk, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 41, 4239 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  317. I.C. Reynhout, J.J.L.M. Cornelissen, R.J.M. Nolte, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 2327 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  318. D.E. Meyer, K. Trabbic-Carlson, A. Chilkoti, Biotechnol. Progr. 17, 720 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  319. D.E. Meyer, A. Chilkoti, Nat. Biotechnol. 17, 1112 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  320. D.C. Chow, M.R. Dreher, K. Trabbic-Carlson, A. Chilkoti, Biotechnol. Progr. 22, 638 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  321. K. Trabbic-Carlson, D. Meyer, L. Liu, R. Piervincenzi, N. Nath, T. LaBean, A. Chilkoti, Protein Eng. Des. Sel. 17, 57 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  322. T. Christensen, M. Amiram, S. Dagher, K. Trabbic-Carlson, M.F. Shamji, L.A. Setton, A. Chilkoti, Protein Sci. 18, 1377 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  323. M.F. Shamji, H. Betre, V.B. Kraus, J. Chen, A. Chilkoti, R. Pichika, K. Masuda, L.A. Setton, Arthr. Rheum. 56, 3650 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  324. M.B. van Eldijk, J.C.-Y. Wang, I.J. Minten, C. Li, A. Zlotnick, R.J. Nolte, J.J. Cornelissen, J.C. van Hest, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 18506 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  325. D. Moll, C. Huber, B. Schlegel, D. Pum, U.B. Sleytr, M. Sára, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 99, 14646 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  326. N. Ilk, E.M. Egelseer, U.B. Sleytr, Curr. Opin. Biotech. 22, 824 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  327. C.S. Thomas, M.J. Glassman, B.D. Olsen, ACS Nano 5, 5697 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  328. C.S. Thomas, L. Xu, B.D. Olsen, Biomacromolecules 13, 2781 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  329. C.N. Lam, B.D. Olsen, Soft Matter 9, 2393 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  330. A. Carlsen, S. Lecommandoux, Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. 14, 329 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  331. O.S. Rabotyagova, P. Cebe, D.L. Kaplan, Biomacromolecules 12, 269 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  332. C.S. Thomas, B.D. Olsen Soft Matter 10, 3093–3102 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  333. J.P. Billot, A. Douy, B. Gallot Makromol. Chem. 177, 1889 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  334. B. Gallot, Prog Polym. Sci. 21, 1035 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  335. S. Tangbunsuk, G.R. Whittell, M.G. Ryadnov, G.W.M. Vandermeulen, D.N. Woolfson, I. Manners, Chemistry 18, 2524 (2012) (A European Journal)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  336. W.-W. Tsai, L. Li, H. Cui, H. Jiang, S.I. Stupp, Tetrahedron 64, 8504 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  337. M.G.J. ten Cate, N. Severin, H.G. Börner, Macromolecules 39, 7831 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  338. T. Xu, N. Zhao, F. Ren, R. Hourani, M.T. Lee, J.Y. Shu, S. Mao, B.A. Helms, ACS Nano 5, 1376 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  339. F. Versluis, H.R. Marsden, A. Kros, Chem. Soc. Rev. 39, 3434 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  340. H.G. Börner, Prog. Polym. Sci. 34, 811 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  341. K. Kubota, S. Fujishige, I. Ando, J. Phys. Chem. 94, 5154 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  342. C.N. Lam, M. Kim, C.S. Thomas, D. Chang, G.E. Sanoja, C.U. Okwara, B.D. Olsen Biomacromolecules 15(4), 1248–1258 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  343. D. Chang, C.N. Lam, S. Tang, B.D. Olsen Submitted 5, 4884–4895 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences (award number DE-SC0007106), Air Force Office of Scientific Research (award number FA9550-12-0259), and National Science Foundation (DMR-1253306). The authors are very grateful to Carolyn E. Mills for the creation of artwork.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 02139, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Christopher N. Lam, Dongsook Chang & Bradley D. Olsen

Authors
  1. Christopher N. Lam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dongsook Chang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Bradley D. Olsen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bradley D. Olsen .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

    Mei Zhang

  2. Soft Matter Materials Branch, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, Ohio, USA

    Rajesh R. Naik

  3. Department of Macromolecular Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

    Liming Dai

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lam, C., Chang, D., Olsen, B. (2016). Protein Nanopatterning. In: Zhang, M., Naik, R., Dai, L. (eds) Carbon Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications. Springer Series in Biomaterials Science and Engineering, vol 5. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22861-7_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation